El-Sayed M A
Laser Dynamics Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA.
Acc Chem Res. 2001 Apr;34(4):257-64. doi: 10.1021/ar960016n.
The properties of a material depend on the type of motion its electrons can execute, which depends on the space available for them (i.e., on the degree of their spatial confinement). Thus, the properties of each material are characterized by a specific length scale, usually on the nanometer dimension. If the physical size of the material is reduced below this length scale, its properties change and become sensitive to its size and shape. In this Account we describe some of the observed new chemical, optical, and thermal properties of metallic nanocrystals when their size is confined to the nanometer length scale and their dynamical processes are observed on the femto- to picosecond time scale.
材料的性质取决于其电子能够执行的运动类型，而这又取决于电子可利用的空间（即取决于它们的空间限制程度）。因此，每种材料的性质都由一个特定的长度尺度来表征，通常在纳米尺寸范围内。如果材料的物理尺寸减小到这个长度尺度以下，其性质就会发生变化，并变得对其尺寸和形状敏感。在本综述中，我们描述了一些当金属纳米晶体的尺寸限制在纳米长度尺度且其动力学过程在飞秒到皮秒时间尺度上被观察时所观察到的新的化学、光学和热学性质。
