Combined CXC chemokine and interleukin-12 gene transfer enhances antitumor immunity.

It has been shown that intratumor administration of an adenovirus vector expressing IL-12 produces a potent T cell-mediated response that leads to significant tumor regression in a murine breast cancer model. IP-10 and MIG are CXC chemokines that recruit mononuclear cells in vivo. In addition to their chemotactic roles, IP-10 and MIG inhibit angiogenesis. We tested whether the addition of IP-10 or MIG may both enhance the antitumor immune response of IL-12 through T cell recruitment and inhibit tumor growth through angiostasis. Adenovirus vectors expressing IP-10 or MIG and/or IL-12 were administered intratumorally in a murine model of mammary adenocarcinoma and fibrosarcoma. Administration of IP-10 or MIG in combination with IL-12 resulted in considerable tumor regression and increased survival time of tumor-bearing animals as compared with IP-10, MIG, IL-12 alone or control-treated animals, with the IP-10 IL-12 combination being most effective. These results suggest augmenting the antitumor immune response and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis with adenoviral vectors expressing IP-10 in combination with IL-12 is a novel way to enhance tumor regression.