Kliegel M, Martin M, McDaniel M A, Einstein G O
German Centre for Research on Ageing at the University of Heidelberg, Bergheimer Str. 20, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
Memory. 2001 Jan;9(1):1-11. doi: 10.1080/09658210042000003.
Only few studies have addressed the issue of task importance in prospective memory. Most of them, but not all, have shown that perceived task importance does improve prospective memory performance. However, there is little understanding of (1) the conditions under which importance of the prospective memory task makes a difference in performance and (2) the mechanisms by which perceived task importance has an effect on prospective memory performance. The present study reports two experiments that manipulate task importance in a time-based and an event-based prospective memory paradigm. Results show that importance has an effect on the time-based but not on the event-based task. Further analyses of the performance in the cover tasks as well as the monitoring behaviour indicate that importance improves prospective memory to the degree the task requires the strategic allocation of attentional resources.
仅有少数研究探讨了前瞻记忆中任务重要性的问题。其中大多数（但并非全部）研究表明，感知到的任务重要性确实会提高前瞻记忆表现。然而，对于以下两点人们了解甚少：（1）前瞻记忆任务的重要性在何种条件下会对表现产生影响；（2）感知到的任务重要性影响前瞻记忆表现的机制。本研究报告了两项实验，这两项实验在基于时间和基于事件的前瞻记忆范式中对任务重要性进行了操纵。结果表明，重要性对基于时间的任务有影响，但对基于事件的任务没有影响。对伴随任务表现以及监控行为的进一步分析表明，重要性在任务需要策略性分配注意力资源的程度上提高了前瞻记忆。
