Koo Yu Wen, Neumann David L, Ownsworth Tamara, Shum David H K
School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, QLD, Australia.
The Hopkins Centre, Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
Front Psychol. 2022 Jun 28;13:905860. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.905860. eCollection 2022.
Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to perform a planned action at a future time, while carrying on with other unrelated tasks. Implementation Intentions (II) is a promising metacognitive strategy for improving PM in older adults, though its generalization and longer-term effects are not well-understood. We examined the effects of II on PM in 48 community-dwelling older adults (77% female, = 71.52) and 59 young adults (75% female, = 19.86). Participants were randomly allocated to a conventional instruction or II group and administered a laboratory-based PM task in the first session. In the second session, participants returned to complete a similar but new laboratory-based PM task and an ecological PM task without prompts to use a strategy. We found strong age effects on PM performance whereby older adults performed worse than young adults across all PM tasks. While the overall facilitation effect of II was not statistically significant, there was a trend that this strategy facilitated PM performance on the laboratory-based PM task in the first session for older adults with a medium sized effect ( = 0.37). The generalization and longer-term effect of II were not significant for either the similar laboratory-based or the ecological PM task. These results suggest that a single-session II intervention may not be sufficient to elicit transfer to other similar new PM tasks in healthy populations.
前瞻性记忆（PM）是指在进行其他无关任务时，在未来某个时间执行计划行动的能力。执行意图（II）是一种很有前景的元认知策略，可用于改善老年人的前瞻性记忆，不过其普遍性和长期效果尚未得到充分理解。我们研究了执行意图对48名社区居住的老年人（77%为女性，平均年龄 = 71.52岁）和59名年轻人（75%为女性，平均年龄 = 19.86岁）前瞻性记忆的影响。参与者被随机分配到传统指导组或执行意图组，并在第一阶段进行一项基于实验室的前瞻性记忆任务。在第二阶段，参与者返回完成一项类似但全新的基于实验室的前瞻性记忆任务以及一项生态前瞻性记忆任务，且没有使用策略的提示。我们发现年龄对前瞻性记忆表现有显著影响，在所有前瞻性记忆任务中，老年人的表现都比年轻人差。虽然执行意图的总体促进效果在统计学上不显著，但有一个趋势是，对于中等效应大小（ = 0.37）的老年人，该策略在第一阶段促进了他们在基于实验室的前瞻性记忆任务中的表现。执行意图对于类似的基于实验室的任务或生态前瞻性记忆任务的普遍性和长期效果均不显著。这些结果表明，单次执行意图干预可能不足以促使健康人群将其转移到其他类似的新前瞻性记忆任务中。
