Shnek Z M, Irvine J, Stewart D, Abbey S
Department of Psychology, Credit Valley Hospital, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
Health Psychol. 2001 Mar;20(2):141-5. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.20.2.141.
The aim of this study was to determine whether learned helplessness, cognitive distortions, self-efficacy, and dispositional optimism assessed at Time 1 (T1; questionnaires mailed at 1 month postdischarge) would predict depressive symptoms at Time 2 (T2; questionnaires mailed at 1-year follow-up) in a sample of 86 patients hospitalized with ischemic heart disease. Multiple regression results indicated that optimism and cognitive distortions at T1 were significantly associated with T1 depressive symptoms after controlling for confounding variables. When the T1 psychological factors were analyzed with T2 depressive symptoms, only optimism continued to predict depressive symptoms after controlling for confounds and T1 depressive symptoms. The global expectancies that optimism assessed appeared to be more stable over time than the statelike beliefs of cognitive distortions and may have accounted for why optimism predicted T2 depressive symptoms.
本研究的目的是确定在86例因缺血性心脏病住院的患者样本中，在时间1（T1；出院后1个月邮寄问卷）时评估的习得性无助、认知扭曲、自我效能感和特质乐观是否能预测时间2（T2；1年随访时邮寄问卷）时的抑郁症状。多元回归结果表明，在控制混杂变量后，T1时的乐观和认知扭曲与T1时的抑郁症状显著相关。当分析T1心理因素与T2抑郁症状时，在控制混杂因素和T1抑郁症状后，只有乐观继续预测抑郁症状。乐观所评估的总体预期似乎比认知扭曲的状态性信念随时间更稳定，这可能解释了为什么乐观能预测T2抑郁症状。
