Rasmussen Heather N, Scheier Michael F, Greenhouse Joel B
Institute for Educational Research and Public Service, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
Ann Behav Med. 2009 Jun;37(3):239-56. doi: 10.1007/s12160-009-9111-x. Epub 2009 Aug 27.
Prior research links optimism to physical health, but the strength of the association has not been systematically evaluated.
The purpose of this study is to conduct a meta-analytic review to determine the strength of the association between optimism and physical health.
The findings from 83 studies, with 108 effect sizes (ESs), were included in the analyses, using random-effects models.
Overall, the mean ES characterizing the relationship between optimism and physical health outcomes was 0.17, p < .001. ESs were larger for studies using subjective (versus objective) measures of physical health. Subsidiary analyses were also conducted grouping studies into those that focused solely on mortality, survival, cardiovascular outcomes, physiological markers (including immune function), immune function only, cancer outcomes, outcomes related to pregnancy, physical symptoms, or pain. In each case, optimism was a significant predictor of health outcomes or markers, all p < .001.
Optimism is a significant predictor of positive physical health outcomes.
先前的研究将乐观与身体健康联系起来，但这种关联的强度尚未得到系统评估。
本研究的目的是进行一项荟萃分析综述，以确定乐观与身体健康之间关联的强度。
使用随机效应模型，将83项研究的结果纳入分析，这些研究有108个效应量（ESs）。
总体而言，表征乐观与身体健康结果之间关系的平均效应量为0.17，p < .001。使用主观（相对于客观）身体健康测量方法的研究，其效应量更大。还进行了辅助分析，将研究分为仅关注死亡率、生存率、心血管结局、生理标志物（包括免疫功能）、仅免疫功能、癌症结局、与妊娠相关的结局、身体症状或疼痛的研究。在每种情况下，乐观都是健康结果或标志物的显著预测因素，所有p < .001。
乐观是积极身体健康结果的显著预测因素。
