Miller M J, Critchley M M, Hutson J, Fallowfield H J
Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, and Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia.
Water Res. 2001 Apr;35(6):1461-8. doi: 10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00419-x.
Public health concerns associated with cyanobacteria, both chronic and acute, arise from their ability to produce toxins. Rural communities within Australia and those in developing countries require an inexpensive and low-cost method for removing toxins from drinking water. A candidate technology is bank filtration. Adsorption of cyanobacterial hepatotoxins was measured in batch studies to determine the applicability of bank filtration as an efficient removal strategy. Five soils with different physicochemical properties were collected from regions around South Australia. The soils were mixed with either nodularin or microcystin-LR in distilled water and buffered solutions (pH 4.8, 6.9 and 9.1). Additionally, nodularin was mixed in unbuffered solutions (pH 4.8 and 8.9). The three soils with the high clay and/or organic carbon contents (Paringa A, McLaren Flat and Lakes Plains) had the higher nodularin adsorption coefficients, ranging from 0.2 to 16.59 L kg-1. Soil suspensions in acetate buffer (pH 4.8) generally produced significantly higher nodularin adsorption coefficients, when compared to the other buffer systems. The background interference from the ionic strength of the buffers, however, made interpretation of the effect of pH on toxin sorption difficult. Increases in solution ionic strength, from freshwater to seawater, resulted in corresponding increases in the nodularin adsorption coefficients for all sites, except the sandy Hallett Cove site. The implications for bank filtration are that higher water pH values and lower salinities will enhance the in situ mobility of the toxins, resulting in an increased distance of filtration through the river bank before toxin free water could be abstracted for human consumption.
与蓝藻相关的公共卫生问题，包括慢性和急性问题，都源于它们产生毒素的能力。澳大利亚的农村社区以及发展中国家的农村社区需要一种廉价且低成本的方法来去除饮用水中的毒素。一种候选技术是岸边过滤。通过批次研究测量了蓝藻肝毒素的吸附情况，以确定岸边过滤作为一种有效去除策略的适用性。从南澳大利亚周边地区收集了五种具有不同物理化学性质的土壤。将这些土壤与蒸馏水和缓冲溶液（pH值为4.8、6.9和9.1）中的节球藻毒素或微囊藻毒素-LR混合。此外，还将节球藻毒素与非缓冲溶液（pH值为4.8和8.9）混合。三种粘土和/或有机碳含量较高的土壤（帕林加A、迈凯轮弗拉特和湖泊平原）具有较高的节球藻毒素吸附系数，范围为0.2至16.59 L kg-1。与其他缓冲系统相比，醋酸盐缓冲液（pH值为4.8）中的土壤悬浮液通常产生显著更高的节球藻毒素吸附系数。然而，缓冲液离子强度产生的背景干扰使得难以解释pH值对毒素吸附的影响。从淡水到海水，溶液离子强度的增加导致除沙质的哈雷特湾站点外所有站点的节球藻毒素吸附系数相应增加。岸边过滤的影响是，较高的水pH值和较低的盐度将增强毒素在原位的迁移能力，导致在抽取无毒水供人类饮用之前，通过河岸的过滤距离增加。
