Trincado D E, Rawlinson W D
Virology Division, Department of Microbiology, South Eastern Area Laboratory Services, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
J Paediatr Child Health. 2001 Apr;37(2):187-92. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1754.2001.00645.x.
Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections remain the leading viral cause of congenital malformations in the developed world. Despite advances in our knowledge, the epidemiology and natural history of congenital CMV infection are still poorly understood, particularly in Australia. Congenital CMV causes illness ranging from no clinical disease (asymptomatic, but infected) through to prematurity, encephalitis, deafness and haematological disorders and death. Perinatal CMV acquisition usually results in less severe illness including asymptomatic infection, acute infection with hepatitis, fever, and pneumonitis. CMV infects only humans, and in vitro and in vivo models for intrauterine infection are required in order to test new treatments, and better describe the pathogenesis of congenital CMV. Using new knowledge of the epidemiology and natural history of CMV, treatment regimens during late pregnancy are currently undergoing clinical trial although no definitive recommendations are available.
先天性巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染仍然是发达国家先天性畸形的主要病毒病因。尽管我们的认识有所进步，但先天性CMV感染的流行病学和自然史仍知之甚少，尤其是在澳大利亚。先天性CMV可导致从无临床疾病（无症状但已感染）到早产、脑炎、耳聋、血液系统疾病及死亡等一系列病症。围产期获得CMV感染通常导致病情较轻，包括无症状感染、伴有肝炎、发热和肺炎的急性感染。CMV仅感染人类，为了测试新的治疗方法并更好地描述先天性CMV的发病机制，需要建立宫内感染的体外和体内模型。利用CMV流行病学和自然史的新知识，尽管尚无明确的推荐意见，但目前正在对妊娠晚期的治疗方案进行临床试验。
