Sloan A W
Forensic Sci. 1975 Feb;5(1):81-9. doi: 10.1016/0300-9432(75)90091-6.
Although the environmental stresses to which man is subjected on the ground are less than those commonly encountered in aviation or under water, they may still exceed an individual's powers of adaptation. Extremes of temperature, commonly encountered in the Arctic or the tropics, may occur in regions of normally temperate climate and lead to failure of temperature regulation, resulting in hypothermia, frostbite, heat exhaustion, or heat stroke. High mountains impose additional hazards due to high winds and lack of oxygen, and deep mines are dangerous work-places because of high temperature and humidity. Some physiological acclimatization occurs in extreme natural environments and the dangers may be reduced by appropriate clothing, diet and behaviour.
虽然人类在地面所遭受的环境压力小于在航空或水下常见的压力，但这些压力仍可能超过个人的适应能力。在北极或热带地区常见的极端温度，可能出现在通常气候温和的地区，导致体温调节失灵，从而引发体温过低、冻伤、中暑衰竭或中暑。高山因强风缺氧带来额外危险，而深部矿井由于高温高湿则是危险的工作场所。在极端自然环境中会发生一些生理适应过程，通过适当的着装、饮食和行为可以降低危险。
