Hamilton J P, Whitelaw G S, Fenech A
Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Environ Monit Assess. 2001 Feb-Mar;67(1-2):239-75. doi: 10.1023/a:1006490707949.
This article examines instrumental climate records from a variety of stations associated with the following Biosphere Reserves across Canada: (i) Waterton Lakes, (ii) Riding Mountain, (iii) Niagara Escarpment, (iv) Long Point, and (v) Kejimkujik (Candidate Biosphere Reserve). Annual series are generated from daily temperature and precipitation values. In addition, homogeneous data are used from other stations and regional records to supplement the records from the local biosphere stations. Long term trends are identified over the period of the instrumental record. In general, data from the interval 1900 to 1998 show cooler temperatures in the 1920's, warming from the early 1940's into the early 1950's, cooling into the 1970's, and subsequent warming. At many stations, 1998 is the warmest in the instrumental record. Comparisons with the regional data sets show good agreements between the temperature series. The 20th century warming is approximately 1.0 degree C in the Riding Mountain area and 0.6 degrees C in the Long Point, Niagara Escarpment, and Waterton Lakes areas. There has been slight cooling in the Kejimkujik area over the past half century. Precipitation data show increasing trends in the Kejimkujik. Long Point, Niagara Escarpment, and Waterton Lakes areas with no long term trend in the Riding Mountain area. This work is part of the Canadian Biosphere Reserves Association (CBRA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI), designed to present climate change information to Biosphere Reserve communities to allow local organizations to understand climate change and adapt to potential impacts.
（i）沃特顿湖，（ii）骑山，（iii）尼亚加拉断崖，（iv）长角，以及（v）凯吉姆库吉克（候选生物圈保护区）。年度序列由每日温度和降水量值生成。此外，还使用了其他站点和区域记录中的同质数据来补充当地生物圈站点的记录。在仪器记录期内确定了长期趋势。总体而言，1900年至199年的数据显示，20世纪20年代气温较低，从40年代初到50年代初变暖，到70年代变冷，随后又变暖。在许多站点，1998年是仪器记录中最温暖的一年。与区域数据集的比较表明，温度序列之间具有良好的一致性。20世纪骑山地区的变暖幅度约为1.0摄氏度，长角、尼亚加拉断崖和沃特顿湖地区为0.6摄氏度。在过去半个世纪里，凯吉姆库吉克地区略有降温。降水数据显示，凯吉姆库吉克、长角、尼亚加拉断崖和沃特顿湖地区呈上升趋势，骑山地区没有长期趋势。这项工作是加拿大生物圈保护区协会（CBRA）气候变化倡议（CCI）的一部分，旨在向生物圈保护区社区提供气候变化信息，使当地组织能够了解气候变化并适应潜在影响。
