Hoberg E P, Alkire N L, de Queiroz A, Jones A
Parasite Biology, Epidemiology and Systematics Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Area Research Center, MD 20705, USA.
Proc Biol Sci. 2001 Apr 22;268(1469):781-7. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2000.1579.
Phylogenetic and divergence date analyses indicate that the occurrence of Taenia tapeworms in humans pre-dates the development of agriculture, animal husbandry and domestication of cattle (Bos spp.) or swine (Sus scrofa). Taeniid tapeworms in Africa twice independently colonized hominids and the genus Homo prior to the origin of modern humans. Dietary and behavioural shifts, from herbivory to scavenging and carnivory, as early Homo entered the carnivore guild in the Pliocene/Pleistocene, were drivers for host switching by tapeworms to hominids from carnivores including hyaenids and felids. Parasitological data provide a unique means of elucidating the historical ecology, foraging behaviour and food habits of hominids during the diversification of Homo spp.
系统发育和分化日期分析表明，人类中绦虫的出现早于农业、畜牧业以及牛（牛属）或猪（野猪）驯化的发展。非洲的带绦虫在现代人类起源之前两次独立地寄生于原始人类和人属。随着上新世/更新世早期原始人类进入食肉动物群体，饮食和行为从食草转变为 scavenging（此处scavenging可理解为食腐）和食肉，这是绦虫从包括鬣狗和猫科动物在内的食肉动物宿主转换到原始人类的驱动因素。寄生虫学数据为阐明人属多样化过程中原始人类的历史生态学、觅食行为和饮食习惯提供了独特的方法。
