Prieto M D, Lopez B, Juanes J A, Revilla J A, Llorca J, Delgado-Rodríguez M
Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2001 Jun;55(6):442-7. doi: 10.1136/jech.55.6.442.
To find out whether bathing in sewage polluted waters implies a danger to bathers' health and to determine the best microbiological indicator to predict the relation between bathing and the appearance of some symptoms.
Cohort study.
City of Santander (north of Spain).
From the people going to four Santander beaches in the period from 1 July to 16 September 1998, a cohort of 2774 persons was recruited who agreed to participate in this study. Of those, 1858 successfully completed a follow up interview conducted in seven days. Respiratory, gastrointestinal, eye, and ear symptoms, and fever occurring during the seven day follow up were recorded.
A total of 136 participants (7.5%) reported symptoms. Visitors reported experiencing symptoms with more frequency than residents. Incidence rates of gastrointestinal, cutaneous and high respiratory tract symptoms were higher in bathers, but the differences were not significant. Total symptoms were related with the amount of total coliforms, faecal coliforms, and faecal streptococci in the water. Gastrointestinal and skin symptoms kept a positive trend with the degree of water pollution by total coliforms in both crude and adjusted analyses. An increased risk was observed in 2500-9999 total coliforms per 100 ml, a figure over the proposed standard, although below the European Union mandatory limit.
The results of this study suggest that total coliforms are the best predictors of the symptoms.
探究在受污水污染的水中沐浴是否会对沐浴者健康构成威胁，并确定预测沐浴与某些症状出现之间关系的最佳微生物指标。
队列研究。
桑坦德市（西班牙北部）。
在1998年7月1日至9月16日期间前往桑坦德市四个海滩的人群中，招募了2774名同意参与本研究的人员。其中，1858人成功完成了在七天内进行的随访访谈。记录了七天随访期间出现的呼吸道、胃肠道、眼睛和耳朵症状以及发热情况。
共有136名参与者（7.5%）报告出现症状。游客报告出现症状的频率高于居民。沐浴者胃肠道、皮肤和上呼吸道症状的发病率较高，但差异不显著。总症状与水中总大肠菌群、粪大肠菌群和粪链球菌的数量有关。在粗分析和校正分析中，胃肠道和皮肤症状与总大肠菌群对水的污染程度均呈正相关趋势。每100毫升水中总大肠菌群数在2500 - 9999之间时观察到风险增加，该数值超过了建议标准，但低于欧盟强制限值。
本研究结果表明总大肠菌群是症状的最佳预测指标。
