[儿童及青年成人糖尿病视网膜病变的患病率及危险因素]
[Prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in children and young adults].
作者信息
Ben Hamouda H, Messaoud R, Grira S, Ayadi A, Khairallah M, Soua H, Sfar M T
机构信息
Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Tahar Sfar, 5111 Mahdia, Tunisie.
出版信息
J Fr Ophtalmol. 2001 Apr;24(4):367-70.
BACKGROUND
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe complication of diabetic microangiopathy. The prevalence is low in children and increases with patient age and duration of diabetes.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Full ophthalmologic examination was completed by fluorescein angiography in 36 diabetic patients diagnosed in childhood, with duration of diabetes more than 5 years.
RESULTS
After 5 years of diabetes, 44% of the patients had DR. Background retinopathy was found in 31%, preproliferative retinopathy in 5% and proliferative retinopathy in 8% of cases. DR was associated with diabetic maculopathy in 8 patients and cataract in 4 patients. DR was correlated with the age of patients at diagnosis of diabetes, time of ophthalmologic examination, sex, duration and balance of diabetes.
CONCLUSION
The frequency of DR increases with the duration and the imbalance of diabetes. The importance of well balanced diabetes and regular ophthalmologic examination were necessary to decrease the frequency of DR.
背景
糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）是糖尿病微血管病变的一种严重并发症。其在儿童中的患病率较低，并随患者年龄及糖尿病病程的增加而升高。
患者与方法
对36例童年期确诊、糖尿病病程超过5年的糖尿病患者进行了荧光素血管造影检查，完成了全面的眼科检查。
结果
糖尿病病程5年后，44%的患者发生了DR。31%的病例发现有背景性视网膜病变，5%为增殖前期视网膜病变，8%为增殖性视网膜病变。8例患者的DR与糖尿病性黄斑病变相关，4例患者与白内障相关。DR与糖尿病诊断时患者的年龄、眼科检查时间、性别、病程及血糖平衡相关。
结论
DR的发生率随糖尿病病程及血糖失衡情况而增加。良好的血糖平衡及定期眼科检查对于降低DR的发生率至关重要。
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