Eisenmann J C, Pivarnik J M, Malina R M
Pediatric Health and Performance Laboratory, Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2001 Jun;90(6):2172-80. doi: 10.1152/jappl.2001.90.6.2172.
This study examined age- and sex-associated variation in peak oxygen consumption (VO2) of young male and female distance runners from an allometric scaling perspective. Subjects were from two separate studies of 9- to 19-yr-old distance runners from the mid-Michigan area, one conducted between 1982 and 1986 (Young Runners Study I, YRS I) and the other in 1999-2000 (Young Runners Study II, YRS II). Data from 27 boys and 27 girls from YRS I and 48 boys and 22 girls from the YRS II were included, and a total of 139 and 108 measurements of body size and peak VO2 in boys and girls, respectively, were available. Subjects were divided into whole year age groups. A 2 x 9 (sex x age group) ANOVA was used to examine differences in peak VO2. Intraindividual ontogenetic allometric scaling was determined in 20 boys and 17 girls measured annually for 3-5 yr. Allometric scaling factors were calculated using linear regression of log-transformed data. Results indicated that 1) absolute peak VO2 increases with age in boys and girls, 2) relative peak VO2 (ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) remains relatively stable in boys and in girls, 3) relative peak VO2 (ml x kg(-0.75) x min(-1)) increases throughout the age range in boys and increases in girls until age 15 yr, and 4) peak VO2 adjusted for body mass (ml/min) increases with age in boys and girls. The overall mean cross-sectional scaling factor was 1.01 +/- 0.03 (SE) in boys and 0.85 +/- 0.05 (SE) in girls. Significant age x sex interactions and significant scaling factors between sexes identify the progressive divergence of peak VO2 between adolescent male and female distance runners. Mean ontogenetic allometric scaling factors were 0.81 [0.71-0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI)] and 0.61 (0.50-0.72, 95% CI) in boys and girls, respectively (P = 0.002). There was considerable variation in individual scaling factors (0.51-1.31 and 0.28-0.90 in boys and girls, respectively). The results suggest that the interpretation of growth-related changes in peak VO2 of young distance runners is dependent upon the manner of expressing peak VO2 relative to body size and/or the statistical technique employed.
本研究从异速生长缩放的角度，考察了年轻男女长跑运动员峰值摄氧量（VO₂）与年龄和性别的相关差异。研究对象来自密歇根州中部地区两项针对9至19岁长跑运动员的独立研究，一项在1982年至1986年进行（年轻跑步者研究I，YRS I），另一项在1999年至2000年进行（年轻跑步者研究II，YRS II）。纳入了YRS I的27名男孩和27名女孩以及YRS II的48名男孩和22名女孩的数据，分别获得了男孩和女孩139次和108次身体尺寸和峰值VO₂的测量值。研究对象被分为全年年龄组。采用2×9（性别×年龄组）方差分析来检验峰值VO₂的差异。对20名男孩和17名女孩进行了为期3至5年的年度测量，以确定个体发育异速生长缩放情况。使用对数转换数据的线性回归计算异速生长缩放因子。结果表明：1）男孩和女孩的绝对峰值VO₂均随年龄增加；2）男孩和女孩的相对峰值VO₂（ml×kg⁻¹×min⁻¹）保持相对稳定；3）男孩的相对峰值VO₂（ml×kg⁻⁰.⁷⁵×min⁻¹）在整个年龄范围内增加，女孩在15岁之前增加；4）根据体重调整后的峰值VO₂（ml/min）在男孩和女孩中均随年龄增加。男孩的总体平均横断面缩放因子为1.01±0.03（标准误），女孩为0.85±0.05（标准误）。显著的年龄×性别交互作用以及性别之间显著的缩放因子，表明青春期男女长跑运动员峰值VO₂的逐渐差异。男孩和女孩的平均个体发育异速生长缩放因子分别为0.81[0.71 - 0.92，95%置信区间（CI）]和0.61（0.50 - 0.72，95%CI）（P = 0.002）。个体缩放因子存在相当大的差异（男孩为0.51 - 1.31，女孩为0.28 - 0.90）。结果表明，对年轻长跑运动员峰值VO₂与生长相关变化进行解释，取决于表达峰值VO₂相对于身体尺寸的方式和/或所采用的统计技术。
