Benson G S, Raezer D M, Wein A J, Corriere J N
Urology. 1975 Jun;5(6):769-72. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(75)90350-7.
The effect of muscle length on adrenergic stimulation of canine detrusor was studied in an vitro muscle bath. The commonly reported response of muscle relaxation with norepinephrine stimulation was seen in muscle strips at or near the resting length. When the muscle strips were stretched, however, an alpha receptor mediated contraction was noted. Length, rather than norepinephrine dose or tension, was the predominant factor determining whether a given strip would respond in an alpha or beta fashion. Sympathetic stimulation may enhance accommodation (beta effect) during bladder filling at low muscle length and potentiate bladder emptying (alpha effect) at increased muscle length.
在体外肌槽中研究了肌肉长度对犬逼尿肌肾上腺素能刺激的影响。在静息长度或接近静息长度的肌条中，观察到了去甲肾上腺素刺激后常见的肌肉舒张反应。然而，当肌条被拉伸时，发现有α受体介导的收缩。决定给定肌条是以α方式还是β方式做出反应的主要因素是长度，而非去甲肾上腺素剂量或张力。交感神经刺激可能在肌肉长度较短时膀胱充盈期间增强适应性（β效应），而在肌肉长度增加时增强膀胱排空（α效应）。
