Wills T A, Sandy J M, Yaeger A, Shinar O
Health Psychology Training Program, Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology and Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2001 May;37(3):283-97.
This research tested for moderation in the relation of family risk factors (parent-child conflict, family life events, and parental substance use) to adolescent substance use (tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana). A sample of 1,810 participants was surveyed at the mean age of 11.5 years and followed with 2 yearly assessments. Temperament dimensions were assessed with the Revised Dimensions of Temperament Survey and the Emotionality, Activity, and Sociability Inventory. Multiple-group latent growth analyses indicated moderation occurred through (a) alteration of effects of parental variables on the adolescent substance use intercept and on the peer substance use intercept and slope and (b) alteration of the effect of the peer substance use intercept on the adolescent substance use slope. The impact of parental risk factors was decreased among participants with higher task attentional orientation and positive emotionality (resilience effect) and was increased among participants with higher activity level and negative emotionality (vulnerability effect). Results from self-report data were corroborated by independent teacher reports.
本研究检验了家庭风险因素（亲子冲突、家庭生活事件和父母物质使用）与青少年物质使用（烟草、酒精和大麻）之间关系的调节作用。对1810名参与者进行了抽样调查，平均年龄为11.5岁，并进行了两年一次的跟踪评估。使用修订版气质调查问卷和情绪、活动及社交能力量表对气质维度进行评估。多组潜在增长分析表明，调节作用通过以下方式发生：(a) 改变父母变量对青少年物质使用截距以及同伴物质使用截距和斜率的影响；(b) 改变同伴物质使用截距对青少年物质使用斜率的影响。在任务注意力取向较高和积极情绪较高的参与者中，父母风险因素的影响降低（复原力效应）；在活动水平较高和消极情绪较高的参与者中，父母风险因素的影响增加（易感性效应）。自我报告数据的结果得到了独立教师报告的证实。
