Coventry K R, Hudson J
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
Addiction. 2001 Jun;96(6):871-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.9668718.x.
To examine gender differences in changes in physiological arousal as indexed by heart rate during fruit machine gambling while controlling for the confounding effect of movement and as a function of winning and losing, and to examine relationships between sensation-seeking, self-reported arousal during gambling, heart rate during gambling and loss of control of gambling behaviour. SAMPLE, DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS: Heart rate and subjective arousal were recorded in a sample of 22 male and 20 female fruit machine players before, during and after the gambling process. At baseline measures were taken of sensation seeking, self-reported arousal during gambling and loss of control of gambling. A simulation of the behaviour used to operate fruit machines was used during baseline measurement.
Significant increases in heart-rate over movement controlled baselines were observed within participants during gambling. However, for the losing group these differences were slight compared to the increases found when participants won during play. Furthermore, winning/losing was the only variable among a range of variables which was a significant predictor of heart-rate increase during play over a baseline control. Additionally HR levels of males and females behaved the same way in relation to the manipulations. Significant correlations between HR during play and the measures of both subjective arousal and sensation seeking were also present.
Winning during gambling is essential in order to maintain increased HR levels over baseline after play. Subjective arousal and sensation seeking may be predictors of levels of arousal experienced during play.
在控制运动的混杂效应的同时，研究在玩老虎机赌博过程中心率所反映的生理唤醒变化的性别差异，以及赢输情况对其的影响；并研究冒险倾向、赌博期间自我报告的唤醒程度、赌博期间的心率与赌博行为失控之间的关系。样本、设计与测量：在22名男性和20名女性老虎机玩家的样本中，记录其赌博过程前、中、后的心率和主观唤醒程度。在基线时测量冒险倾向、赌博期间自我报告的唤醒程度和赌博失控情况。在基线测量期间，使用模拟操作老虎机的行为。
在赌博过程中，参与者的心率相较于运动控制基线有显著增加。然而，与玩家在游戏中获胜时的心率增加相比，输钱组的这些差异较小。此外，在一系列变量中，赢输是游戏期间心率相对于基线控制增加的唯一显著预测变量。另外，男性和女性的心率水平在相关操作方面表现相同。游戏期间的心率与主观唤醒程度和冒险倾向的测量之间也存在显著相关性。
赌博时获胜对于在游戏结束后维持高于基线的心率水平至关重要。主观唤醒程度和冒险倾向可能是游戏期间所体验到的唤醒程度的预测指标。
