Muhe L, Webert M
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2001 Jun;5(6):527-32.
Oxygen administration is one of the most important modalities of therapy for a patient with hypoxaemia to prevent death. This review summarises the methods of oxygen delivery applicable in small hospitals in developing countries, and evaluates information about their safety and efficacy. The following criteria were considered: cost and availability, efficiency/oxygen concentration achieved, tolerability/comfort of the method, requirement of humidification, demand for nursing care, and safety of the method and complications. In summary, it is concluded that all low-flow methods, i.e., nasopharyngeal catheters, nasal catheters and prongs, are effective in the oxygenation of sick children with severe pneumonia or bronchiolitis. Nasal prongs are the safest method of oxygen delivery, but nasopharyngeal catheters and nasal catheters are more easily available and less expensive. However, if they are used, they need close supervision to avoid serious complications. Nasal prongs are the method of choice for oxygen delivery in small hospitals in developing countries.
给低氧血症患者输氧是预防死亡的最重要治疗手段之一。本综述总结了发展中国家小型医院适用的输氧方法，并评估了有关其安全性和有效性的信息。考虑了以下标准：成本和可获得性、效率/达到的氧浓度、该方法的耐受性/舒适度、加湿要求、护理需求以及该方法的安全性和并发症。总之，得出的结论是，所有低流量方法，即鼻咽导管、鼻导管和鼻氧管，对患有严重肺炎或支气管炎的患病儿童进行氧合均有效。鼻氧管是最安全的输氧方法，但鼻咽导管和鼻导管更容易获得且成本更低。然而，如果使用它们，需要密切监督以避免严重并发症。鼻氧管是发展中国家小型医院输氧的首选方法。
