Liu L, Liu L, Ding Y, Huang Z, He B, Sun S, Zhao G, Zhang H, Miki T, Mizushima S, Ikeda K, Nara Y, Yamori Y
Otsuka Department of International Preventive Nutritional Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Japan.
Hypertens Res. 2001 May;24(3):315-22. doi: 10.1291/hypres.24.315.
Our aim was to examine differences in dietary intake and blood pressure (BP) and their associations in four different ethnic Chinese populations, the Han, the Uygur, the Kazak and Tibetan subjects. This study used a sub-database of the Chinese sample of the WHO-Cardiovascular Diseases and Alimentary Comparison (CARDIAC) Study. The WHO-CARDIAC Study was a multicenter cross-sectional study. In each center, 100 men and 100 women aged 48-56 years were selected at random from the local population. Various markers of dietary intake and their relation with BP were studied. The results of the present study indicated the following. 1) There were significant differences in mean BP and prevalence rates of hypertension, with both being higher in the Kazak and Tibetan subjects than in Han and Uygur subjects. 2) The highest mean body mass index (BMI) was observed in the Kazak subjects, while the highest 24-h urinary sodium (Na) and sodium to potassium (Na/K) ratio excretion were observed in the Tibetan subjects. There were also significant differences in other factors, such as magnesium, 3-methylhistidine (3MH) (a biological marker of animal protein intake) and taurine (a biological marker of seafood intake) excretion levels among the four ethnic peoples. 3) In general, BMI, Na and/or Na/K ratios were positively, and 3MH/creatinine and taurine/creatinine ratios were negatively associated with BP. 4) After adjustment for age, sex and potassium, subjects with obesity (BMI > or =26 kg/m2) had significantly higher relative risk of being hypertensive (HT) than those with BMI<26 kg/m2 in the Han, Uygur and Kazak populations; and subjects with elevated sodium excretion (Na > or =244 mmol/day) had significantly higher relative risk of being HT than those with Na<244 mmol/day in the Han, Uygur and Tibetan populations. In conclusion, mean BP and prevalence rates of hypertension were significantly different among the four ethnic groups. These differences are likely to be due, at least in part, to the differences in several diet-related factors, which in turn are associated with culture and environmental differences. Different health promotion strategies might thus be emphasized in different populations.
我们的目的是研究中国四个不同民族人群，即汉族、维吾尔族、哈萨克族和藏族人群的饮食摄入和血压（BP）差异及其关联。本研究使用了世界卫生组织心血管疾病与饮食比较（CARDIAC）研究中国样本的子数据库。世界卫生组织CARDIAC研究是一项多中心横断面研究。在每个中心，从当地人群中随机选取100名年龄在48 - 56岁之间的男性和100名女性。研究了饮食摄入的各种标志物及其与血压的关系。本研究结果如下：1）平均血压和高血压患病率存在显著差异，哈萨克族和藏族人群的这两项指标均高于汉族和维吾尔族人群。2）哈萨克族人群的平均体重指数（BMI）最高，而藏族人群的24小时尿钠（Na）和钠钾（Na/K）比值排泄量最高。在这四个民族中，其他因素如镁、3 - 甲基组氨酸（3MH）（动物蛋白摄入的生物标志物）和牛磺酸（海鲜摄入的生物标志物）排泄水平也存在显著差异。3）总体而言，BMI、Na和/或Na/K比值与血压呈正相关，3MH/肌酐和牛磺酸/肌酐比值与血压呈负相关。4）在汉族、维吾尔族和哈萨克族人群中，调整年龄、性别和钾后，肥胖（BMI≥26 kg/m²）的受试者患高血压（HT）的相对风险显著高于BMI<26 kg/m²的受试者；在汉族、维吾尔族和藏族人群中，钠排泄量升高（Na≥244 mmol/天）的受试者患HT的相对风险显著高于Na<244 mmol/天的受试者。总之，这四个民族的平均血压和高血压患病率存在显著差异。这些差异可能至少部分归因于几种与饮食相关因素的差异，而这些因素又与文化和环境差异相关。因此，不同人群可能需要强调不同的健康促进策略。
