Sul Y T, Johansson C B, Jeong Y, Albrektsson T
Department of Biomaterials/Handicap Research, Institute for Surgical Science, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden.
Med Eng Phys. 2001 Jun;23(5):329-46. doi: 10.1016/s1350-4533(01)00050-9.
Titanium implants have a thin oxide surface layer. The properties of this oxide layer may explain the good biocompatibility of titanium implants. Anodic oxidation results in a thickening of the oxide film, with possible improved biocompatability of anodized implants. The aim of the present study was twofold: (1) firstly, to characterize the growth behaviour of galvanostatically prepared anodic oxide films on commercially pure (c.p.) titanium and (2) secondly, to establish a better understanding of the electroche0mical growth behaviour of anodic oxide on commercially pure titanium (ASTM grade 1) after changes of the electrochemical parameters in acetic acid, phosphoric acid, calcium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide under galvanostatic anodizing mode. The oxide thickness was measured by Ar sputter etching in Auger Electron spectroscopy (AES) and the colours were estimated by an Lab* system (lightness, hue and saturation) using a spectrophotometer. In the first part of our study, it was demonstrated that the interference colours were useful to identify the thickness of titanium oxide. It was also found that the anodic forming voltages with slope (dV/dt) in acid electrolytes were higher than in alkaline electrolytes. Each of the used electrolytes demonstrates an intrinsically specific growth constant (nm/V) in the range of 1.4--2.78 nm/V. In the second part of our study we found, as a general trend, that an increase of electrolyte concentration and electrolyte temperature respectively decreases the anodic forming voltage, the anodic forming rate (nm/s) and the current efficiency (nm.cm(2)/C), while an increase of the current density and the surface area ratio of the anode to cathode increase the anodic forming voltage, the anodic forming rate and the current efficiency. The effects of electrolyte concentration, electrolyte temperature, and agitation speed were explained on the basis of the model of the electrical double layer.
钛植入物有一层薄的氧化表面层。该氧化层的特性可能解释了钛植入物良好的生物相容性。阳极氧化会导致氧化膜增厚，阳极氧化植入物的生物相容性可能会得到改善。本研究的目的有两个：（1）首先，表征在商业纯（c.p.）钛上恒电流制备的阳极氧化膜的生长行为；（2）其次，在恒电流阳极氧化模式下，改变乙酸、磷酸、氢氧化钙和氢氧化钠中的电化学参数后，更好地理解商业纯钛（ASTM 1级）上阳极氧化膜的电化学生长行为。通过俄歇电子能谱（AES）中的氩溅射蚀刻测量氧化层厚度，并使用分光光度计通过Lab*系统（亮度、色调和饱和度）估计颜色。在我们研究的第一部分中，证明干涉色有助于识别氧化钛的厚度。还发现酸性电解质中具有斜率（dV/dt）的阳极形成电压高于碱性电解质中的电压。每种使用的电解质在1.4--2.78 nm/V范围内都表现出一个固有的特定生长常数（nm/V）。在我们研究的第二部分中，我们发现，一般趋势是，电解质浓度和电解质温度的增加分别会降低阳极形成电压、阳极形成速率（nm/s）和电流效率（nm.cm(2)/C），而电流密度和阳极与阴极的表面积比的增加会提高阳极形成电压、阳极形成速率和电流效率。基于双电层模型解释了电解质浓度、电解质温度和搅拌速度的影响。
