Malone L A, Gatehouse H S, Tregidga E L
Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Limited, Mt. Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand.
J Invertebr Pathol. 2001 May;77(4):258-68. doi: 10.1006/jipa.2001.5028.
Newly emerged adult bees were fed with Nosema apis spores subjected to various treatments, and their longevity, proportions of bees infected, and spores per bee recorded. Spores lost viability after 1, 3, or 6 months in active manuka or multifloral honey, after 3 days in multifloral honey, and after 21 days in water or sugar syrup at 33 degrees C. Air-dried spores lost viability after 3 or 5 days at 40 degrees, 45 degrees, or 49 degrees C. Increasing numbers of bees became infected with increasing doses of spores, regardless of their subsequent food (active manuka honey, thyme honey, or sugar syrup). Final spore loads were similar among bees receiving the same food, regardless of dose. Bees fed with either honey had lighter infections than those fed with syrup, but this may have been due to reductions in their longevity. Bees fed with manuka honey were significantly shorter lived, whether infected or not.
将新羽化的成年蜜蜂用经过各种处理的apis微孢子虫孢子喂食，并记录它们的寿命、感染蜜蜂的比例以及每只蜜蜂体内的孢子数量。孢子在活性麦卢卡蜂蜜或多花蜂蜜中1个月、3个月或6个月后失去活力，在多花蜂蜜中3天后失去活力，在33摄氏度的水或糖浆中21天后失去活力。在40摄氏度、45摄氏度或49摄氏度下，风干的孢子在3天或5天后失去活力。无论随后喂食何种食物（活性麦卢卡蜂蜜、百里香蜂蜜或糖浆），感染孢子剂量增加时，感染蜜蜂的数量也会增加。接受相同食物的蜜蜂，无论剂量如何，最终的孢子载量相似。喂食蜂蜜的蜜蜂感染程度比喂食糖浆的蜜蜂轻，但这可能是由于它们的寿命缩短所致。无论是否感染，喂食麦卢卡蜂蜜的蜜蜂寿命显著缩短。
