Nyqvist K H, Färnstrand C, Eeg-Olofsson K E, Ewald U
Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Sweden.
Acta Paediatr. 2001 Jun;90(6):658-63. doi: 10.1080/080352501750258739.
The objectives were to increase the understanding of the characteristics of oral behaviour during breastfeeding in preterm infants and to validate direct observations of infant sucking. Twenty-six infants were investigated once by simultaneous observation and surface electromyography (EMG) at 32.1-37.1 postmenstrual weeks. The orbicularis oris muscle was used for data analysis, as it provided the most distinct registrations. High correlation coefficients were observed with respect to classifications of EMG data by two raters on the number of sucks per burst (r = 0.97) and duration of sucking bursts (r = 0.99). The agreement between direct observations of sucking and EMG data was high. The median for mean number of sucks per burst was 8 (range 2-33) and for longest burst 28 (5-96) sucks. Sucks with low and very high intensity constituted a median of 14 (1-94)% and 25 (0-87)% of all sucks. The range in mean sucking frequency was 1.0-1.8 sucks s(-1). Suck duration ranged from 0.6 to 1.1 s. There was a considerable variation between infants in the extent of mouthing. No association with maturational level appeared for any of the components in oral behaviour.
EMG data provided evidence of early sucking competence in preterm infants during breastfeeding, with wide individual variations. Surface EMG and direct observation are recommended as valid methods in the evaluation of breastfeeding behaviour in preterm infants.
目的是增进对早产儿母乳喂养时口腔行为特征的理解，并验证对婴儿吸吮的直接观察。对26名婴儿在月经龄32.1 - 37.1周时通过同步观察和表面肌电图（EMG）进行了一次调查。口轮匝肌用于数据分析，因为它能提供最清晰的记录。两位评估者对EMG数据按每次吸吮阵发的吸吮次数（r = 0.97）和吸吮阵发持续时间（r = 0.99）进行分类时，观察到高相关系数。吸吮的直接观察与EMG数据之间的一致性很高。每次吸吮阵发的平均吸吮次数中位数为8次（范围2 - 33次），最长阵发为28次（5 - 96次）吸吮。低强度和高强度吸吮分别占所有吸吮的中位数为14%（1 - 94%）和25%（0 - 87%）。平均吸吮频率范围为1.0 - 1.8次/秒。吸吮持续时间为0.6至1.1秒。婴儿之间在口部动作程度上存在相当大的差异。口腔行为的任何组成部分均未显示与成熟水平相关。
EMG数据为早产儿母乳喂养期间的早期吸吮能力提供了证据，个体差异较大。推荐表面EMG和直接观察作为评估早产儿母乳喂养行为的有效方法。
