Hazlett E A, Dawson M E, Schell A M, Nuechterlein K H
Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Psychophysiology. 2001 Jul;38(4):669-77.
This study of 31 college students employed the startle eye-blink modification (SEM) technique to index both early and later stages of attentional processing during a memory-load version of the Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Participants viewed a series of digits and pressed a button after the digit 7 of each 3-7 sequence. A startling noise burst was presented either 120 or 1,200 ms following three preselected prepulses: target (3), nontarget (non-3 and non-7 digits), or target plus distractor (3 and simultaneous tone distractor). Greater startle inhibition occurred 120 ms following target and target-plus-distractor prepulses compared with nontargets, indicating early selective attention. No difference was observed between SEM during target and target-plus-distractor prepulses, suggesting the distractor was effectively ignored. At 1,200 ms, the three prepulse types produced nondifferential inhibition, suggesting that modality-specific selective attention occurs in anticipation of the presentation of the next CPT prepulse. These findings indicate that SEM distinguishes between different early selective attention and later anticipatory attention subprocesses underlying the CPT.
这项针对31名大学生的研究采用了惊吓眨眼修正（SEM）技术，以在连续性能测试（CPT）的记忆负荷版本中对注意力加工的早期和后期阶段进行索引。参与者观看一系列数字，并在每个3至7位数字序列中的数字7出现后按下按钮。在三个预先选定的预脉冲（目标（3）、非目标（非3和非7数字）或目标加干扰项（3和同时出现的音调干扰项））之后120毫秒或1200毫秒时会出现一阵惊人的噪音。与非目标相比，在目标和目标加干扰项预脉冲之后120毫秒时出现了更大的惊吓抑制，表明早期选择性注意。在目标和目标加干扰项预脉冲期间的SEM之间未观察到差异，表明干扰项被有效忽略。在1200毫秒时，三种预脉冲类型产生了无差异的抑制，表明在预期下一个CPT预脉冲出现时会发生模态特异性选择性注意。这些发现表明，SEM能够区分CPT背后不同的早期选择性注意和后期预期性注意子过程。
