Meyers M A, Ghahremani G G
Radiology. 1975 May;115(2):301-7. doi: 10.1148/115.2.301.
Fiberoptic colonoscopy is being used increasingly for endoscopic visualization of the large intestine, particularly in the electrocautery removal of polypoid lesions. Complications may include bleeding, mesosigmoid hematoma, splenic avulsion, and impaction of the instrument, but the most common is perforation of the colon, which occurs in 0.4-1.9% of colonoscopic examinations. Radiological evaluation plays a critical role. Free intraperitoneal rupture may be clinically overlooked in an aged or infirm patient. Extraperitoneal perforation often results in delayed signs and symptoms. The demonstration of extraluminal gas documents perforation. Recent roentgen-anatomical studies of the characteristic distribution of extraperitoneal gas may permit precise localization of the site of colonic perforation on plain films.
纤维结肠镜检查越来越多地用于大肠的内镜可视化，尤其是在息肉样病变的电灼切除术中。并发症可能包括出血、乙状结肠系膜血肿、脾撕裂和器械嵌顿，但最常见的是结肠穿孔，在结肠镜检查中发生率为0.4%-1.9%。放射学评估起着关键作用。在老年或体弱患者中，游离性腹腔内破裂可能在临床上被忽视。腹膜外穿孔常导致症状出现延迟。腹腔外气体的显示可证实穿孔。最近关于腹腔外气体特征分布的X线解剖学研究可能有助于在平片上精确确定结肠穿孔的部位。
