Scherer Y K, Bruce S
School of Nursing, State University of New York at Buffalo, 14214, USA.
Heart Lung. 2001 Jul-Aug;30(4):250-7. doi: 10.1067/mhl.2001.116013.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy and compliance with prescribed medical regimen, number of emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalizations in adults with asthma.
The sample consisted of 29 adults with a diagnosis of asthma. The relationship among knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and compliance with medical regimen was explored through use of a survey design. The Knowledge, Attitude, and Self-Efficacy Asthma Questionnaire and the Asthma Management Questionnaire that measured compliance were mailed to subjects' homes. Once completed, questionnaires were returned, and demographic data and number of ED visits and hospitalizations were obtained through a retrospective chart review.
There was a significant correlation between knowledge and attitudes and knowledge and self-efficacy. The more positive persons' attitudes toward their asthma, the higher their knowledge and self-efficacy scores. There were significant correlations between select demographic variables and knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy. Women scored higher on attitudes, persons with a college education scored higher on knowledge and attitudes, and persons with mild asthma scored highest on the self-efficacy scale. Compliance with use of peak-flow meters correlated with higher scores on the attitude and self-efficacy scales. The higher total compliance score group had significantly higher self-efficacy scores. In addition, higher self-efficacy scores correlated with lower numbers of hospitalizations.
Attitudes and self-efficacy rather than knowledge had the most significant impact on compliance and number of ED visits and hospitalizations. The Knowledge, Attitude, and Self-Efficacy Asthma Questionnaire provides a means for nurses to assess patients' knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy regarding their asthma. Patients with low scores could be channeled into programs that would help them improve their ability to manage their asthma.
本研究旨在探讨成人哮喘患者的知识、态度、自我效能与遵医嘱治疗方案的依从性、急诊就诊次数及住院次数之间的关系。
样本包括29名确诊为哮喘的成年人。通过调查设计探讨知识、态度、自我效能与遵医嘱治疗方案的依从性之间的关系。将测量知识、态度和自我效能的哮喘问卷以及测量依从性的哮喘管理问卷邮寄至受试者家中。问卷完成后回收，并通过回顾性病历审查获取人口统计学数据、急诊就诊次数及住院次数。
知识与态度、知识与自我效能之间存在显著相关性。人们对哮喘的态度越积极，其知识和自我效能得分越高。特定人口统计学变量与知识、态度和自我效能之间存在显著相关性。女性在态度方面得分更高，受过大学教育的人在知识和态度方面得分更高，轻度哮喘患者在自我效能量表上得分最高。使用峰流速仪的依从性与态度和自我效能量表上的较高得分相关。总依从性得分较高的组自我效能得分显著更高。此外，自我效能得分越高，住院次数越少。
态度和自我效能而非知识对依从性、急诊就诊次数及住院次数影响最大。知识、态度和自我效能哮喘问卷为护士评估患者对哮喘的知识、态度和自我效能提供了一种方法。得分较低的患者可被纳入有助于提高其哮喘管理能力的项目。
