Martin-Morales A, Sanchez-Cruz J J, Saenz de Tejada I, Rodriguez-Vela L, Jimenez-Cruz J F, Burgos-Rodriguez R
Urology Department, Carlos Haya Hospital, Malaga, Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada and Fundacion para la Investigacion y Desarrollo en Andrologia and Spanish Urological Association, Madrid, Spain.
J Urol. 2001 Aug;166(2):569-74; discussion 574-5. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)65986-1.
We determined the prevalence of and risks factors for erectile dysfunction in Spain in a cross-sectional study.
A total of 2,476 noninstitutionalized Spanish men 25 to 70 years old were interviewed at home and answered a self-administered questionnaire of 71 items, including 2 instruments to define erectile dysfunction, a simple self-assessment question to estimate erectile function and the International Index of Erectile Function. Data on disease, medication and toxic habits were also obtained.
With an overall participation rate of 75% the prevalence of erectile dysfunction according to the simple question was 12.1%. According to the erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function the overall prevalence was 18.9%. Several independent risk factors were significantly associated with the probability of erectile dysfunction. Some differences arose according to the tool used to define the condition. However, there was a strong relationship of patient age with frequency or severity no matter which instrument was used to define erectile dysfunction. Diabetes (age adjusted odds ratio 4), high blood pressure (odds ratio 1.58), high cholesterol (1.63), peripheral vascular disorder (2.63), lung disease (3.11), prostate disease (2.93), cardiac problems (1.79), rheumatism (2.37) and allergy (3.08) were significantly associated with erectile dysfunction. Drug intake, which respondents called medication for nerves and sleeping pills, correlated strongly (odds ratio 2.78 and 4.27, respectively), as did tobacco use (2.5) and alcohol consumption (1.53).
This study provides data on the prevalence of and risks factors for erectile dysfunction in Spain. The relationship of erectile dysfunction with certain risk factors, such as cardiovascular risk factors and drugs intake, are well known and our study corroborates these associations. Other associations with erectile dysfunction, such as prostate disease, allergy and rheumatism, support findings in previous reports, although to our knowledge the pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. Estimating the strength of the association of erectile dysfunction with distinct risk factors in terms of odds ratios enabled us to identify the factors to pursue when seeking to prevent erectile dysfunction. Furthermore, the relationship of tobacco with erectile dysfunction, which has been controversial in previous series, was well characterized in our study.
我们通过一项横断面研究确定了西班牙勃起功能障碍的患病率及危险因素。
共有2476名年龄在25至70岁之间、未住机构的西班牙男性在家中接受了访谈，并回答了一份包含71个项目的自填问卷，其中包括2种用于定义勃起功能障碍的工具、一个用于评估勃起功能的简单自我评估问题以及国际勃起功能指数。还获取了有关疾病、药物和不良习惯的数据。
总体参与率为75%，根据简单问题得出的勃起功能障碍患病率为12.1%。根据国际勃起功能指数的勃起功能领域，总体患病率为18.9%。几个独立危险因素与勃起功能障碍的可能性显著相关。根据用于定义该病症的工具出现了一些差异。然而，无论使用哪种工具来定义勃起功能障碍，患者年龄与频率或严重程度之间都存在密切关系。糖尿病（年龄调整优势比4）、高血压（优势比1.58）、高胆固醇（1.63）、外周血管疾病（2.63）、肺部疾病（3.11）、前列腺疾病（2.93）、心脏问题（1.79）、风湿病（2.37）和过敏（3.08）与勃起功能障碍显著相关。药物摄入（受访者称是用于神经的药物和安眠药）相关性很强（优势比分别为2.78和4.27），吸烟（2.5）和饮酒（1.53）也是如此。
本研究提供了西班牙勃起功能障碍患病率及危险因素的数据。勃起功能障碍与某些危险因素（如心血管危险因素和药物摄入）之间的关系是众所周知的，我们的研究证实了这些关联。勃起功能障碍与其他因素（如前列腺疾病、过敏和风湿病）的关联支持了先前报告中的发现，尽管据我们所知其病理生理机制仍不清楚。通过优势比来估计勃起功能障碍与不同危险因素的关联强度，使我们能够确定在寻求预防勃起功能障碍时应关注的因素。此外，在我们的研究中明确了烟草与勃起功能障碍之间的关系，而这在先前的系列研究中一直存在争议。
