Bellisle F, Dalix A M
INSERM U341, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Aug;74(2):197-200. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/74.2.197.
Cognitive restraint, a stable disposition to limit food intake, can be assessed by questionnaires, but there is no quantitative, objective measure of its effect.
The goal was to provide an objective measure of the intake-limiting effects of cognitive restraint by testing meal intake under conditions intended to minimize or accentuate restraint.
Healthy women (n = 41; aged 35 +/- 9 y; body mass index, in kg/m2: 21.3 +/- 1.9) participated in once-weekly laboratory lunch tests under 4 conditions: condition 1, subjects ate alone (baseline); condition 2, subjects ate alone while listening to recorded instructions focusing on the sensory characteristics of the foods (attention); condition 3, subjects ate alone while listening to a recorded detective story (distraction); and condition 4, a group of 4 subjects had lunch together. On all occasions, the same foods were presented and ingested ad libitum. The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) was filled out after the series of 4 meals was completed.
Meal size was significantly higher in the distraction condition than at baseline (by 301 +/- 26 kJ; P < 0.001). The difference in energy intake between the baseline and distraction conditions significantly correlated with factor 1 (cognitive restraint) of the TFEQ (r = 0.51, P < 0.01) and with total score (r = 0.32, P < 0.05) but not with disinhibition or hunger. For each additional point on factor 1, meal size increased by 50 kJ under the distraction condition compared with baseline. The group eating condition induced no increase in meal size.
Cognitive restraint exerts a quantifiable limiting effect on intake at meal times and this effect can be offset by cognitive distraction.
认知抑制是一种限制食物摄入量的稳定倾向，可通过问卷调查进行评估，但尚无对其效果的定量、客观测量方法。
通过在旨在最小化或强化抑制的条件下测试进餐摄入量，提供一种对认知抑制的摄入量限制效果的客观测量方法。
健康女性（n = 41；年龄35±9岁；体重指数，kg/m²：21.3±1.9）参加每周一次的实验室午餐测试，测试在4种条件下进行：条件1，受试者独自进食（基线）；条件2，受试者独自进食，同时听关注食物感官特性的录音指导（注意力集中）；条件3，受试者独自进食，同时听侦探故事录音（注意力分散）；条件4，4名受试者一起吃午餐。在所有情况下，提供相同的食物，随意进食。在完成这一系列4餐之后填写三因素饮食问卷（TFEQ）。
注意力分散条件下的进餐量显著高于基线水平（增加301±26 kJ；P<0.001）。基线和注意力分散条件下的能量摄入差异与TFEQ的因素1（认知抑制）显著相关（r = 0.51，P<0.01），与总分也显著相关（r = 0.32，P<0.05），但与去抑制或饥饿无关。在注意力分散条件下，与基线相比，因素1每增加1分，进餐量增加50 kJ。集体进餐条件下进餐量未增加。
认知抑制对进餐时的摄入量有可量化的限制作用，这种作用可被认知分散抵消。
