Escamilla R F, Lowry T M, Osbahr D C, Speer K P
Michael W. Krzyzewski Human Performance Laboratory, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Aug;33(8):1345-53. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200108000-00016.
Improper lifting techniques may increase injury risks and decrease performance. The aim of this study was to compare and contrast biomechanical parameters between sumo and conventional style deadlifts and between high- and low-skilled lifters who participated in the powerlifting event during the 1999 Special Olympics World Games.
Two synchronized video cameras collected 60 Hz of data from 40 subjects. Parameters were quantified at barbell liftoff (LO), when the barbell passed the knees (KP), and at lift completion.
Compared with the conventional group, the sumo group had a 100% greater stance width, 20% smaller hand width, 10% less vertical bar distance, a more vertical trunk at LO, a more horizontal thigh at LO and KP, a less vertical shank at KP, and greater forefoot abduction. The sumo group generated ankle dorsiflexor, knee extensor, and hip extensor moments, whereas the conventional group produced ankle plantar flexor, knee flexor and extensor, and hip extensor moments. Compared with low-skilled lifters, high-skilled lifters had a 40% greater barbell load, 15% greater stance width (sumo group only), greater knee flexion at LO (conventional group only), greater knee extension at KP, a less vertical shank position at LO (sumo group only), 15% less vertical bar distance, less first peak bar velocity between LO and KP (conventional group only), smaller plantar flexor and hip extensor moment arms at LO and KP, and greater knee extensor moment arms at LO.
The sumo deadlift may be more effective in working ankle dorsiflexors and knee extensors, whereas the conventional deadlift may be more effective in working ankle plantar flexors and knee flexors. High-skilled lifters exhibited better lifting mechanics than low-skilled lifters by keeping the bar closer to the body, which may both enhance performance and minimize injury risk.
不当的举重技术可能会增加受伤风险并降低表现。本研究的目的是比较和对比相扑式与传统式硬拉之间以及参加1999年特殊奥林匹克世界运动会力量举项目的高技能和低技能举重者之间的生物力学参数。
两台同步摄像机从40名受试者收集60赫兹的数据。在杠铃起始点（LO）、杠铃经过膝盖时（KP）以及举重完成时对参数进行量化。
与传统组相比，相扑组的站姿宽度大100%，手间距小20%，杠铃垂直距离小10%，在LO时躯干更垂直，在LO和KP时大腿更水平，在KP时小腿更不垂直，前脚外展更大。相扑组产生踝背屈肌、膝伸肌和髋伸肌力矩，而传统组产生踝跖屈肌、膝屈肌和伸肌以及髋伸肌力矩。与低技能举重者相比，高技能举重者的杠铃负荷大40%，站姿宽度大15%（仅相扑组），在LO时膝关节屈曲更大（仅传统组），在KP时膝关节伸展更大，在LO时小腿垂直位置更低（仅相扑组），杠铃垂直距离小15%，在LO和KP之间的第一个峰值杠铃速度更小（仅传统组），在LO和KP时跖屈肌和髋伸肌力矩臂更小，在LO时膝伸肌力矩臂更大。
相扑式硬拉在锻炼踝背屈肌和膝伸肌方面可能更有效，而传统硬拉在锻炼踝跖屈肌和膝屈肌方面可能更有效。高技能举重者通过使杠铃更靠近身体表现出比低技能举重者更好的举重力学，这可能既提高表现又将受伤风险降至最低。
