硬拉运动中胸腰段及腰骶骨盆脊柱排列：男性与女性的比较
Thoracolumbar And Lumbopelvic Spinal Alignment During The Deadlift Exercise: A Comparison Between Men And Women.
作者信息
Bengtsson Victor, Aasa Ulrika, Öhberg Fredrik, Berglund Lars
机构信息
Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University.
Community medicine and rehabilitation, Umeå university.
出版信息
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2022 Oct 2;17(6):1063-1074. doi: 10.26603/001c.37859. eCollection 2022.
BACKGROUND
A neutral spinal alignment is considered important during the execution of the deadlift exercise to decrease the risk of injury. Since male and female powerlifters experience pain in different parts of their backs, it is important to examine whether men and women differ in spinal alignment during the deadlift.
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to quantify the spinal alignment in the upper (thoracolumbar, T11-L2) and lower (lumbopelvic, L2-S2) lumbar spine during the deadlift exercise in male and female lifters. Secondary aims were to compare lumbar spine alignment during the deadlift to standing habitual posture, and determine whether male and female lifters differ in these aspects.
STUDY DESIGN
Observational, Cross-sectional.
METHODS
Twenty-four (14 men, 10 women) lifters performed three repetitions of the deadlift exercise using 70% of their respective one-repetition maximum. Spinal alignment and spinal range of motion were measured using three inertial measurement units placed on the thoracic, lumbar and sacral spine. Data from three different positions were analyzed; habitual posture in standing, and start and stop positions of the deadlift, i.e. bottom and finish position respectively.
RESULTS
During the deadlift, spinal adjustments were evident in all three planes of movement. From standing habitual posture to the start position the lumbar lordosis decreased 13° in the upper and 20° in the lower lumbar spine. From start position to stop position the total range of motion in the sagittal plane was 11° in the upper and 22° in the lower lumbar spine. The decreased lumbar lordosis from standing habitual posture to the start position was significantly greater among men.
CONCLUSIONS
Men and women adjust their spinal alignment in all three planes of movement when performing a deadlift and men seem to make greater adjustments from their standing habitual posture to start position in the sagittal plane.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
背景
在进行硬拉训练时，脊柱保持中立位被认为对降低受伤风险很重要。由于男性和女性力量举运动员背部不同部位会出现疼痛，因此研究男女在硬拉过程中的脊柱排列是否存在差异很重要。
目的
本研究的目的是量化男性和女性力量举运动员在硬拉训练过程中上位腰椎（胸腰段，T11-L2）和下位腰椎（腰骶段，L2-S2）的脊柱排列情况。次要目的是比较硬拉过程中的腰椎排列与站立习惯姿势，并确定男女力量举运动员在这些方面是否存在差异。
研究设计
观察性横断面研究。
方法
24名（14名男性，10名女性）力量举运动员以各自一次重复最大值的70%进行三次硬拉训练。使用放置在胸椎、腰椎和骶椎上的三个惯性测量单元测量脊柱排列和脊柱活动范围。分析了三个不同位置的数据；站立时的习惯姿势以及硬拉的起始和结束位置，即分别为底部和结束位置。
结果
在硬拉过程中，在所有三个运动平面上脊柱调整都很明显。从站立习惯姿势到起始位置，上位腰椎前凸减少13°，下位腰椎前凸减少20°。从起始位置到结束位置，矢状面的总活动范围上位腰椎为11°，下位腰椎为22°。从站立习惯姿势到起始位置，男性上位腰椎前凸的减少明显更大。
结论
男性和女性在进行硬拉时，在所有三个运动平面上都会调整脊柱排列，并且男性从站立习惯姿势到矢状面起始位置的调整似乎更大。
证据水平
3级。
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