Zhang X, Miller L, Max W, Rice D P
Institute for Health and Aging, University of California, 3333 California Street, Suite 340, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
Health Care Financ Rev. 1999 Summer;20(4):179-96.
Medicare expenditures attributable to smoking in 1993 were estimated using a multivariate model that related expenditures to smoking history, health status, and the propensity to have had a smoking-related disease, controlling for sociodemographics, economic variables, and other risk factors. Smoking-attributable Medicare expenditures are presented separately for each State and by type of expenditure. Nationally, smoking accounted for 9.4 percent of Medicare expenditures--$14.2 billion, with considerable variation among States. Smoking accounted for 11.4 percent of Medicare expenditures for hospital care, 11.3 percent of nursing home care, 5.9 percent of home health care, and 5.6 percent of ambulatory care.
1993年，医疗保险因吸烟产生的支出是通过一个多变量模型估算的，该模型将支出与吸烟史、健康状况以及患吸烟相关疾病的倾向联系起来，并对社会人口统计学、经济变量和其他风险因素进行了控制。因吸烟产生的医疗保险支出按每个州以及支出类型分别列出。在全国范围内，吸烟占医疗保险支出的9.4%，即142亿美元，各州之间存在相当大的差异。吸烟占医院护理医疗保险支出的11.4%，疗养院护理的11.3%，家庭保健护理的5.9%，以及门诊护理的5.6%。
