Mackenzie J S, Chua K B, Daniels P W, Eaton B T, Field H E, Hall R A, Halpin K, Johansen C A, Kirkland P D, Lam S K, McMinn P, Nisbet D J, Paru R, Pyke A T, Ritchie S A, Siba P, Smith D W, Smith G A, van den Hurk A F, Wang L F, Williams D T
University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7(3 Suppl):497-504. doi: 10.3201/eid0707.017703.
Over the past 6 years, a number of zoonotic and vectorborne viral diseases have emerged in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. Vectorborne disease agents discussed in this article include Japanese encephalitis, Barmah Forest, Ross River, and Chikungunya viruses. However, most emerging viruses have been zoonotic, with fruit bats, including flying fox species as the probable wildlife hosts, and these will be discussed as well. The first of these disease agents to emerge was Hendra virus, formerly called equine morbillivirus. This was followed by outbreaks caused by a rabies-related virus, Australian bat lyssavirus, and a virus associated with porcine stillbirths and malformations, Menangle virus. Nipah virus caused an outbreak of fatal pneumonia in pigs and encephalitis in humans in the Malay Peninsula. Most recently, Tioman virus has been isolated from flying foxes, but it has not yet been associated with animal or human disease. Of nonzoonotic viruses, the most important regionally have been enterovirus 71 and HIV.
在过去6年里，东南亚和西太平洋地区出现了多种人畜共患及媒介传播的病毒性疾病。本文讨论的媒介传播疾病病原体包括日本脑炎病毒、巴马森林病毒、罗斯河病毒和基孔肯雅病毒。然而，大多数新出现的病毒为人畜共患病毒，果蝠（包括狐蝠种类）可能是其野生动物宿主，本文也将对这些病毒进行讨论。这些病原体中首先出现的是亨德拉病毒，以前称为马麻疹病毒。随后出现了由一种与狂犬病相关的病毒——澳大利亚蝙蝠狂犬病毒，以及一种与猪死产和畸形有关的病毒——门格勒病毒引起的疫情。尼帕病毒在马来半岛引发了猪的致命肺炎疫情和人类脑炎疫情。最近，从狐蝠中分离出了刁曼病毒，但它尚未与动物或人类疾病相关联。在非人畜共患病毒中，在区域内最重要的是肠道病毒71型和艾滋病毒。
