School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
CSIRO Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Australia Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
PLoS One. 2020 May 6;15(5):e0232339. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232339. eCollection 2020.
Habitat-mediated global change is driving shifts in species' distributions which can alter the spatial risks associated with emerging zoonotic pathogens. Many emerging infectious pathogens are transmitted by highly mobile species, including bats, which can act as spill-over hosts for pathogenic viruses. Over three years, we investigated the seroepidemiology of paramyxoviruses and Australian bat lyssavirus in a range-expanding fruit bat, the Grey-headed flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus), in a new camp in Adelaide, South Australia. Over six, biannual, sampling sessions, we quantified median florescent intensity (MFI) antibody levels for four viruses for a total of 297 individual bats using a multiplex Luminex binding assay. Where appropriate, florescence thresholds were determined using finite mixture modelling to classify bats' serological status. Overall, apparent seroprevalence of antibodies directed at Hendra, Cedar and Tioman virus antigens was 43.2%, 26.6% and 95.7%, respectively. We used hurdle models to explore correlates of seropositivity and antibody levels when seropositive. Increased body condition was significantly associated with Hendra seropositivity (Odds ratio = 3.67; p = 0.002) and Hendra virus levels were significantly higher in pregnant females (p = 0.002). While most bats were seropositive for Tioman virus, antibody levels for this virus were significantly higher in adults (p < 0.001). Unexpectedly, all sera were negative for Australian bat lyssavirus. Temporal variation in antibody levels suggests that antibodies to Hendra virus and Tioman virus may wax and wane on a seasonal basis. These findings suggest a common exposure to Hendra virus and other paramyxoviruses in this flying fox camp in South Australia.
生境介导的全球变化正在推动物种分布的变化，这可能改变与新出现的人畜共患病原体相关的空间风险。许多新出现的传染病原体是由高度移动的物种传播的，包括蝙蝠，它们可以作为致病性病毒的溢出宿主。在三年的时间里，我们在南澳大利亚阿德莱德的一个新营地，对正在扩张分布范围的果蝠——灰头狐蝠（Pteropus poliocephalus）中的副黏病毒和澳大利亚蝙蝠狂犬病毒的血清流行病学进行了调查。在六个两年一次的采样期内，我们使用多重 Luminex 结合测定法，对 297 只蝙蝠的 4 种病毒的中位数荧光强度（MFI）抗体水平进行了定量，共使用了 4 种病毒。在适当的情况下，使用有限混合模型确定荧光阈值来对蝙蝠的血清学状态进行分类。总体而言，针对亨德拉、雪松和蒂奥曼病毒抗原的抗体的明显血清阳性率分别为 43.2%、26.6%和 95.7%。我们使用障碍模型来探讨血清阳性时血清阳性和抗体水平的相关性。身体状况的改善与亨德拉血清阳性显著相关（优势比=3.67；p=0.002），怀孕雌性的亨德拉病毒水平显著更高（p=0.002）。虽然大多数蝙蝠对蒂奥曼病毒呈血清阳性，但该病毒的抗体水平在成年蝙蝠中显著更高（p<0.001）。出乎意料的是，所有血清均对澳大利亚蝙蝠狂犬病毒呈阴性。抗体水平的时间变化表明，亨德拉病毒和蒂奥曼病毒的抗体可能会季节性地增减。这些发现表明，在南澳大利亚的这个狐蝠营地中，亨德拉病毒和其他副黏病毒存在共同暴露。
