Gardner H, Albert M L, Weintraub S
Cortex. 1975 Jun;11(2):155-62. doi: 10.1016/s0010-9452(75)80039-6.
To assess the contribution of various factors to comprehension of a target word, an auditory comprehension test was devised and administered to a series of aphasic patients. Patients were required to select from an array that picture which corresponded to a spoken target word. Each patient heard the target word under five conditions: (1) target spoken alone; (2) target embedded in a neutral (low redundancy) sentence enunciated at a normal rate of speaking; (3) target in a neutral sentence enunciated at a slow rate of speaking; (4) target embedded in a sentence containing semantic support (high redundancy); (5) target embedded in a sentence containing a semantically-deceptive element. Semantic redundancy and rate of presentation made contributions to comprehensibility. Semantic confusions were prevalent among all aphasics but, contrary to earlier reports, posterior patients were especially prone to acoustic confusions. Except for conduction aphasics, patients were more likely to confuse words which began with the same sounds than words which ended with the same sounds. Patients with adequate comprehension at the start of the testing displayed a uniform tendency to improve on the conditions administered later, while those with impaired comprehension at the start usually did not.
为评估各种因素对目标词理解的作用，设计了一项听觉理解测试并对一系列失语症患者进行测试。要求患者从一组图片中选出与所听到的目标词对应的图片。每位患者在五种条件下听取目标词：(1)单独说出目标词；(2)目标词嵌入以正常语速说出的中性（低冗余）句子中；(3)目标词在以缓慢语速说出的中性句子中；(4)目标词嵌入包含语义支持（高冗余）的句子中；(5)目标词嵌入包含语义欺骗元素的句子中。语义冗余和呈现速度对可理解性有影响。语义混淆在所有失语症患者中都很普遍，但与早期报告相反，后部病变的患者尤其容易出现听觉混淆。除传导性失语症患者外，患者更容易混淆以相同音素开头的词，而不是以相同音素结尾的词。测试开始时理解能力正常的患者在随后的测试条件下普遍有改善的趋势，而开始时理解能力受损的患者通常没有。
