Schleyer T K
Department of Dental Informatics, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
J Dent Res. 2001 Jun;80(6):1508-12. doi: 10.1177/00220345010800060601.
Economic, organizational, and societal pressures, as well as the desire to reach shared goals more efficiently and effectively, are driving an increase in collaborative research. Research collaborations frequently occur among participants separated by temporal, geographical, organizational, disciplinary, and cultural boundaries. Increasingly complex collaborative projects focus attention on the question of how to facilitate working together. Through so-called collaboratories, information technology can play an important role in addressing this question. A collaboratory can be defined as an information technology infrastructure that supports cooperation among individuals, groups, or organizations in pursuit of a shared goal by facilitating interaction, communication, and knowledge-sharing. Tools such as Web-based collaborative workspaces, Internet discussion lists/newsgroups/real-time chat, screen- and application-sharing, Web-based conferencing, online Web page mark-up, automatic notification, and videoconferencing can be used to implement collaboratories. Collaboratories have significant potential to facilitate cooperative research, but should be evaluated carefully to determine best practices.
经济、组织和社会压力，以及更高效、更有效地实现共同目标的愿望，正推动着合作研究的增加。研究合作经常发生在因时间、地理、组织、学科和文化界限而分隔的参与者之间。日益复杂的合作项目将注意力集中在如何促进合作这一问题上。通过所谓的协作实验室，信息技术可以在解决这个问题上发挥重要作用。协作实验室可以被定义为一种信息技术基础设施，它通过促进互动、交流和知识共享，支持个人、团体或组织之间为追求共同目标而进行的合作。诸如基于网络的协作工作区、互联网讨论列表/新闻组/实时聊天、屏幕和应用程序共享、基于网络的会议、在线网页标记、自动通知和视频会议等工具可用于实现协作实验室。协作实验室在促进合作研究方面具有巨大潜力，但应仔细评估以确定最佳实践。
