Bushnell P J, Bowman R E
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1979 May;10(5):733-42. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(79)90326-5.
The reversal learning capacity of young rhesus monkeys in visual discrimination tasks was examined during daily exposure to dietary lead acetate throughout the first year of life. While not affected in physical development, all lead-treated monkeys showed performance deficits on reversal learning tasks. These deficits were independent of lead-induced changes in motivation. Over a series of problems, the overall learning rate of monkeys with blood lead concentrations in the range of 70-90 microgram/dl was retarded, which resulted partly from a pronounced difficulty in attaining criterion on the first of a series of reversals within a given problem. This latter deficit resulted from an increase in errors, balks, and total trials to criterion on the first reversal. Monkeys exposed to blood lead concentrations of 40-60 microgram/dl required significantly more trials to finish all problems, but did not show the first-reversal deficit. Theoretical implications of these data were discussed.
在幼年恒河猴生命的第一年，每天喂食醋酸铅期间，对其在视觉辨别任务中的逆向学习能力进行了检测。虽然身体发育未受影响，但所有接受铅处理的猴子在逆向学习任务中均表现出行为缺陷。这些缺陷与铅诱导的动机变化无关。在一系列问题中，血铅浓度在70 - 90微克/分升范围内的猴子的总体学习速度减慢，部分原因是在给定问题的一系列逆向学习中，首次达到标准时存在明显困难。后一种缺陷是由于首次逆向学习时错误、犹豫和达到标准所需的总试验次数增加所致。血铅浓度为40 - 60微克/分升的猴子完成所有问题需要显著更多的试验次数，但未表现出首次逆向学习缺陷。讨论了这些数据的理论意义。
