Winneke G, Hrdina K G, Brockhaus A
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1982;51(2):169-83. doi: 10.1007/BF00378161.
In contrast to blood-lead (PbB), tooth-lead concentrations (PbT) provide retrospective information about longterm, cumulative childhood lead-intake. From a basic sample of 458 school age children from the city of Duisburg (FRG), whose lead-concentrations in shed incisor teeth had been measured (means = 4.6 ppm; range: 1.4-12.7 ppm), two extreme-groups of 26 children each (mean age: 8.5 years) with low (means = 2.4 ppm) and elevated (means = 9.2 ppm) PbT were selected. After pair-matching both groups for age, sex, and father's occupational status, these children were tested under double-blind precautions for intellectual performance (German WISC), for perceptual-motor integration (Göttinger Formreproduktionstest = GFT, Diagnostikum für Cerebralschädigung = DCS, Benton-Test), and for gross motor-coordination (Körper-Koordinationstest für Kinder = KTK). Significant (P less than 0.05) inferiority of the lead-children was found in two tests of perceptual-motor integration (increased GFT-errors; lower success rate for DCS). In addition a near significant (P less than 0.1) reduction of 5-7 IQ-points was determined in these children. Although this pilot study has provided some evidence for an association between childhood lead-exposure and neuropsychological impairment, this association cannot yet be considered proven, because the observed effects were discrete and statistically confirmed only in part, and because there was a slight prevalence of perinatal risk factors in the lead group. Further research to clarify the issue is necessary.
与血铅（PbB）不同，牙铅浓度（PbT）能提供有关儿童长期累积铅摄入量的回顾性信息。从德国杜伊斯堡市458名学龄儿童的基础样本中，测量了他们脱落的乳切牙中的铅浓度（平均值 = 4.6 ppm；范围：1.4 - 12.7 ppm），从中挑选出两组极端组，每组26名儿童（平均年龄：8.5岁），一组牙铅浓度低（平均值 = 2.4 ppm），另一组牙铅浓度高（平均值 = 9.2 ppm）。在按年龄、性别和父亲职业状况对两组进行配对匹配后，在双盲条件下对这些儿童进行智力表现（德国韦氏儿童智力量表）、感知运动整合（哥廷根图形复制测试 = GFT、脑损伤诊断测试 = DCS、本顿测试）和大运动协调（儿童身体协调测试 = KTK）测试。在两项感知运动整合测试中发现铅暴露儿童存在显著（P < 0.05）劣势（GFT错误增加；DCS成功率较低）。此外，这些儿童的智商降低了5 - 7分，接近显著水平（P < 0.1）。尽管这项初步研究为儿童铅暴露与神经心理损伤之间的关联提供了一些证据，但这种关联尚未得到证实，因为观察到的影响是离散的，仅部分得到统计学确认，而且铅暴露组围产期危险因素的患病率略高。有必要进行进一步的研究以阐明该问题。
