Mitchell D, Kirschbaum E H, Perry R L
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1975 Jan;1(1):47-55.
Two experiments on the role of neophobia in poison-induced aversions to exteroceptive stimuli are reported. In Experiment 1, rats were given either 10 or 25 days of habituation to the test situation prior to conditioning. Those animals with the longer habituation period avoided a complex of novel exteroceptive stimuli while those with the shorter habituation period did not. In Experiment 2 rats initially avoided the more novel of two containers, but gradually came to eat equal amounts from both. A single pairing of toxicosis with consumption from either the novel or the familiar container reinstated the avoidance of the novel container in both cases. The results were discussed in terms of an interaction between habituation and conditioning procedures. It was suggested that previously reported differences between interoceptive and exteroceptive conditioning effects may have been influenced by the differential novelty of the two classes of stimuli in the test situation. It was further suggested that non-contingently poisoned control groups should routinely be included in poison avoidance conditioning studies.
本文报告了两项关于新事物恐惧症在毒物诱发的对外感受性刺激厌恶反应中作用的实验。在实验1中，大鼠在进行条件反射训练前，分别有10天或25天的时间适应测试环境。适应期较长的动物会避开一系列新的外感受性刺激，而适应期较短的动物则不会。在实验2中，大鼠最初会避开两个容器中更新奇的那个，但逐渐开始从两个容器中摄取等量食物。无论是将中毒与从新奇容器还是熟悉容器中摄取食物进行单次配对，两种情况下大鼠都会重新避开新奇容器。研究结果从适应过程与条件反射程序之间的相互作用角度进行了讨论。研究表明，先前报告的内感受性和外感受性条件反射效应之间的差异，可能受到测试环境中两类刺激不同新奇程度的影响。研究还进一步建议，在毒物回避条件反射研究中应常规纳入非偶然中毒的对照组。
