Hass C J, Garzarella L, de Hoyos D V, Connaughton D P, Pollock M L
Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2001 Jul;85(1-2):157-63. doi: 10.1007/s004210100435.
A group of 26 sedentary adults [mean age 48.4 (SD 6.4) years] were allocated randomly into either a non-exercising control group (CON, n =9) or an exercise group (EX, n = 17) that trained 3 days a week for 12 weeks using a total body recumbent stepper (TBRS). Training intensity and duration progressed from 50% of heart rate reserve maximum (HRRmax) for 20 min to 75% HRRmax for 40 min. Maximal exercise responses were measured during incremental treadmill (TM) and TBRS tests to examine the specificity of the adaptations to training. Muscle strength was measured using a one repetition maximum (1 RM) test for the leg press (LP), chest press (CP), and seated row (SR). Muscle endurance (END) was evaluated for LP, CP, and SR as the number of repetitions achieved before failure when exercising at an intensity of 60% of baseline 1 RM. Body composition was estimated using the sum of seven skinfolds. After training, significant increases (P < 0.05) in maximal oxygen uptake and exercise time were observed in the EX group on both the TM (9.3% and 4.8%, respectively) and TBRS (18.2% and 70.5%, respectively). The TBRS training resulted in significant increases (P < 0.01) in 1 RM and END of the legs, chest, and back, with greater magnitude of improvements observed for END. Furthermore, TBRS training resulted in a significant increase in lean body mass and significant reductions in fat mass and percentage body fat (P<0.01). The CON did not show changes in any measurement (P>0.05). These data indicated concurrent improvements in both cardiovascular and muscle fitness. The greater improvements observed on the TBRS test and in muscle endurance suggest the adaptations are specific to the mode of training.
26名久坐不动的成年人（平均年龄48.4岁，标准差6.4岁）被随机分为非运动对照组（CON，n = 9）或运动组（EX，n = 17）。运动组使用全身卧式踏步机（TBRS），每周训练3天，共训练12周。训练强度和时长从心率储备最大值（HRRmax）的50%持续20分钟，逐渐增加到HRRmax的75%持续40分钟。在递增式跑步机（TM）和TBRS测试中测量最大运动反应，以检验训练适应性的特异性。使用腿部推举（LP）、胸推（CP）和坐姿划船（SR）的一次重复最大值（1 RM）测试来测量肌肉力量。以基线1 RM的60%强度进行运动时，评估LP、CP和SR的肌肉耐力（END），即达到疲劳前的重复次数。使用七个皮褶厚度之和估算身体成分。训练后，EX组在TM（分别为9.3%和4.8%）和TBRS（分别为18.2%和70.5%）上的最大摄氧量和运动时间均显著增加（P < 0.05）。TBRS训练使腿部、胸部和背部的1 RM和END显著增加（P < 0.01），END的改善幅度更大。此外，TBRS训练使瘦体重显著增加，脂肪量和体脂百分比显著降低（P < 0.01）。CON组在任何测量指标上均未显示出变化（P > 0.05）。这些数据表明心血管和肌肉适应性同时得到改善。在TBRS测试和肌肉耐力方面观察到的更大改善表明，这些适应性与训练方式具有特异性。
