Monge Rojas R
Costa Rican Institute for Research and Education on Nutrition and Health, Inciensa, Costa Rica.
Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2001 Mar;51(1):81-5.
Scientific evidence indicates that lower levels of fruit and vegetables consumption are associated with an increased risk of developing cancer and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, an increase of these foods' consumption may substantially improve public health. The purpose of this study was to examine the consumption of fruits and vegetables in 214 urban and rural adolescents in relation to the 5-A-DAY recommendation. Mean daily servings of fruits (1.7 servings) were not far from the minimum recommendation of 2 daily fruit servings. This mean decreased to 1.21 servings when banana was not counted. Mean vegetable intake (1.1 servings, including legumes) was well below the minimum recommendation of 3 vegetable servings per day. Urban adolescents and females consumed significantly (p = 0.000) fewer fruits and vegetables servings than did rural youngsters and males. However when pulses were not counted the mean daily servings of vegetables were higher in urban adolescents (p = 0.029). Only 16 from 214 adolescents (6%) consumed five or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day. This proportion decreased dramatically to 2% (p = 0.000) when pulses and banana were not counted. Examination of the factors associated with low intake of fruit and vegetables could be beneficial to develop effective interventions targeted to increase their consumption among adolescents.
科学证据表明，水果和蔬菜摄入量较低与患癌症和心血管疾病的风险增加有关。因此，增加这些食物的摄入量可能会显著改善公众健康。本研究的目的是调查214名城乡青少年的水果和蔬菜摄入量与“每日五份蔬果”建议的关系。水果的平均每日摄入量（1.7份）与每日至少摄入2份水果的建议相差不远。若不算香蕉，这一平均值降至1.21份。蔬菜的平均摄入量（1.1份，包括豆类）远低于每天至少摄入3份蔬菜的建议。城市青少年和女性摄入的水果和蔬菜份数明显（p = 0.000）少于农村青少年和男性。然而，若不算豆类，城市青少年蔬菜的平均每日摄入量更高（p = 0.029）。214名青少年中只有16人（6%）每天摄入五份或更多份的水果和蔬菜。若不算豆类和香蕉，这一比例大幅降至2%（p = 0.000）。研究与水果和蔬菜低摄入量相关的因素可能有助于制定有效的干预措施，以增加青少年对它们的摄入量。
