Cokkinides V E, Johnston-Davis K, Weinstock M, O'Connell M C, Kalsbeek W, Thun M J, Wingo P A
Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4251, USA.
Prev Med. 2001 Sep;33(3):141-51. doi: 10.1006/pmed.2001.0877.
Adolescence is a high-risk period for the development of melanoma and nonmelanocytic skin cancers later in life. This study examines the prevalence and correlates of sun-protection practices among U.S. youth.
During July-October, 1998, a national, population-based telephone survey was conducted (N = 1,192 paired interviews of youth and their parents). Weighted prevalence and adjusted prevalence odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Multiple logistic regression analyses examined associations between sociodemographics, attitudes, and other modifiable correlates to specific behaviors.
Routinely practiced sun-protection behaviors among youth on sunny days were wearing sunglasses (32%) or long pants (21%), staying in the shade (22%), and applying sunscreen (31%). Fifty-eight percent used a sunscreen with SPF > or =15 when at the beach or pool. Age, sex, and sun sensitivity were associated with substantial variation in some sun-protection behaviors. Factors associated with specific sun-protection behaviors included a lower appeal to tanning, a higher perceived benefit of sun protection, and information from family and friends about sun protection.
Effective sun protection is practiced by less than one-third of U.S. youth. This baseline survey will help to monitor progress in skin cancer prevention in this critical age group in the future.
青春期是日后发生黑色素瘤和非黑色素皮肤癌的高风险时期。本研究调查了美国青少年防晒措施的普及率及其相关因素。
1998年7月至10月期间，开展了一项基于全国人口的电话调查（对1192名青少年及其父母进行了配对访谈）。估计了加权普及率、调整后的患病率比值比及95%置信区间。多项逻辑回归分析研究了社会人口统计学、态度及其他可改变的相关因素与特定行为之间的关联。
在晴天时，青少年日常采取的防晒行为包括戴太阳镜（32%）、穿长裤（21%）、待在阴凉处（22%）和涂抹防晒霜（31%）。58%的人在海滩或泳池时使用防晒系数≥15的防晒霜。年龄、性别和对阳光的敏感度在某些防晒行为上存在显著差异。与特定防晒行为相关的因素包括对晒黑的兴趣较低、对防晒益处的认知较高，以及来自家人和朋友的防晒信息。
不到三分之一的美国青少年采取了有效的防晒措施。这项基线调查将有助于监测未来这一关键年龄组在皮肤癌预防方面的进展。
