Lower T, Girgis A, Sanson-Fisher R
New South Wales Cancer Council Cancer Education Research Program, Newcastle, Australia.
Prev Med. 1998 May-Jun;27(3):391-9. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1998.0309.
Adolescence has been identified as a critical period in the etiology of subsequent melanoma and nonmelanocytic skin cancer. This study examines the prevalence and predictors of solar protection use among adolescents.
A total of 3,642 adolescents between the ages of 11 and 16 years were recruited from a random sample of 27 schools in an Australian state. The participants completed a validated survey that provided information on a range of demographic, knowledge, attitudinal, and behavioral factors. Sun protection practices adopted during the preceding weekend were assessed using a validated self-report diary. A formula that quantifies protection status was then employed to categorize adolescents into those who were using adequate versus low levels of solar protection.
Overall 54% of males and 44% of females were classified as adequately protected during the preceding weekend. Logistic regression analyses identified the following as significant predictors of having an adequate level of sun protection--gender (males more likely to be protected), age (11 to 13 year olds more likely to be protected than 14 to 16 years olds), ownership of a broad-brimmed hat or cap, attitudes relating to the discomfort associated with wearing a hat, image to peers, "hassle" associated with the use of sun protective measures, school attended, and sun protective policies of the school.
Implications of these findings for future preventive strategies are discussed and include improved targeting of sun protection programs to non-adopters, modification of attitudes relating to suntans and image to peers, reducing the level of perceived difficulty associated with utilizing sunscreen, and the potential role that schools may play in fostering sun protection.
青春期被认为是后续黑色素瘤和非黑素细胞性皮肤癌病因中的关键时期。本研究调查了青少年使用防晒措施的普及率及预测因素。
从澳大利亚一个州的27所学校的随机样本中招募了总共3642名11至16岁的青少年。参与者完成了一项经过验证的调查问卷，该问卷提供了一系列关于人口统计学、知识、态度和行为因素的信息。使用经过验证的自我报告日记评估前一个周末采取的防晒措施。然后采用一个量化防护状态的公式将青少年分为使用足够防晒措施和低水平防晒措施的两类。
总体而言，前一个周末54%的男性和44%的女性被归类为得到了充分防护。逻辑回归分析确定了以下因素是防晒水平充足的显著预测因素——性别（男性更有可能得到防护）、年龄（11至13岁的青少年比14至16岁的青少年更有可能得到防护）、拥有宽边帽或便帽、与戴帽子带来的不适相关的态度、在同龄人眼中的形象、与使用防晒措施相关的“麻烦”、就读学校以及学校的防晒政策。
讨论了这些发现对未来预防策略的影响，包括改进针对未采取防晒措施者的防晒项目、改变对晒黑和在同龄人眼中形象的态度、降低使用防晒霜的感知难度，以及学校在促进防晒方面可能发挥的潜在作用。
