Geller A C, Glanz K, Shigaki D, Isnec M R, Sun T, Maddock J
Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
Prev Med. 2001 Sep;33(3):155-61. doi: 10.1006/pmed.2001.0870.
Aquatic staff, including lifeguards, are exposed to intense sunlight for many hours each day and are likely to be at a relatively high risk for developing skin cancer. However, no interventions have been specifically directed to staff at outdoor swimming pool sites.
We conducted a randomized controlled trial among aquatic staff at 28 outdoor pool sites in Hawaii and Massachusetts. Intervention pools received sun protection education and control pools received education on child injury prevention. Staff in both arms received orientation sessions and led instruction during swim lessons. Analysis of covariance was used to compare and test for changes in outcome variables (sun protection habits and sunburning rates of aquatic staff) and pool protection policies. Surveys were completed at the beginning and end of the summer.
Surveys were completed by 220 aquatics staff at baseline; 194 surveys were completed at posttest. Compared with staff at control pools, sun protection policies (P < 0.04) and sunburning rates (P < 0.05) improved at sun protection pools from baseline to posttest. However, the difference in the mean score of all sun protection habits between the two study groups was nonsignificant.
The Pool Cool sun protection intervention had significant effects on lifeguards' sunburn rates and pool sun safety policies but did not improve reported sun protection behaviors. More intensive strategies may be needed to influence aquatics workers who have already begun to adopt skin cancer prevention practices.
包括救生员在内的水上工作人员每天要在强烈阳光下暴露数小时，患皮肤癌的风险可能相对较高。然而，尚未有专门针对室外游泳池场所工作人员的干预措施。
我们在夏威夷和马萨诸塞州的28个室外游泳池场所的水上工作人员中进行了一项随机对照试验。干预组游泳池接受防晒教育，对照组游泳池接受儿童伤害预防教育。两组工作人员都参加了入职培训并在游泳课上进行指导。使用协方差分析来比较和测试结果变量（水上工作人员的防晒习惯和晒伤率）以及泳池保护政策的变化。在夏季开始和结束时完成调查。
220名水上工作人员在基线时完成了调查；194份调查问卷在测试后完成。与对照组游泳池的工作人员相比，从基线到测试后，防晒组游泳池的防晒政策（P < 0.04）和晒伤率（P < 0.05）有所改善。然而，两个研究组在所有防晒习惯的平均得分上的差异不显著。
Pool Cool防晒干预对救生员的晒伤率和泳池阳光安全政策有显著影响，但并未改善报告的防晒行为。可能需要更密集的策略来影响那些已经开始采取预防皮肤癌措施的水上工作人员。
