Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS) , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , Pennsylvania 17033 , United States.
Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States.
Chem Res Toxicol. 2018 Aug 20;31(8):745-751. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00092. Epub 2018 Jul 20.
The addition of charcoal in cigarette filters may be an effective means of reducing many toxicants from tobacco smoke. Free radicals are a highly reactive class of oxidants abundant in cigarette smoke, and here we evaluated the effectiveness of charcoal to reduce free radical delivery by comparing radical yields from commercially available cigarettes with charcoal-infused filters to those without and by examining the effects of incorporating charcoal into conventional cigarette filters on radical production. Commercial cigarettes containing charcoal filters produced 40% fewer gas-phase radicals than did regular cellulose acetate filter cigarettes when smoked using the International Organization of Standardization (ISO, p = 0.07) and Canadian Intense (CI, p < 0.01) smoking protocols. While mean-particulate-phase radicals were 25-27% lower in charcoal cigarettes, differences from noncharcoal products were not significant ( p = 0.06-0.22). When cellulose acetate cigarette filters were modified to incorporate different types and amounts of activated charcoal, reductions in gas-phase (>70%), but not particulate-phase, radicals were observed. The reductions in gas-phase radicals were similar for the three types of charcoal. Decreases in radical production were dose-responsive with increasing amounts of charcoal (25-300 mg) with as little as 25 mg of activated charcoal reducing gas-phase radicals by 41%. In all studies, charcoal had less of an effect on nicotine delivery, which was decreased 33% at the maximal amount of charcoal tested (300 mg). Overall, these results support the potential consideration of charcoal in cigarette filters as a means to reduce exposure to toxic free radicals from cigarettes and other combustible tobacco products.
香烟过滤嘴中添加活性炭可能是减少烟草烟雾中多种有毒物质的有效手段。自由基是一种在香烟烟雾中含量丰富的高度反应性氧化剂，在此，我们通过比较含有和不含有活性炭的商业过滤嘴香烟与普通醋酸纤维素过滤嘴香烟之间自由基产生量，以及通过检查将活性炭纳入传统香烟过滤嘴对自由基产生的影响，评估了活性炭减少自由基传递的效果。在使用国际标准化组织（ISO）和加拿大强化（CI）吸烟方案进行吸烟时，含有活性炭过滤嘴的商业香烟产生的气相自由基比普通醋酸纤维素过滤嘴香烟减少了 40％（p = 0.07）。尽管活性炭香烟中的平均颗粒相自由基降低了 25-27％，但与非活性炭产品相比差异无统计学意义（p = 0.06-0.22）。当将醋酸纤维素香烟过滤嘴修改为包含不同类型和数量的活性炭时，观察到气相（> 70％）自由基减少，但颗粒相自由基没有明显减少（p = 0.06-0.22）。三种类型的活性炭都观察到气相自由基减少。随着活性炭（25-300mg）用量的增加，自由基产生量的减少呈剂量反应性，仅 25mg 活性炭就能使气相自由基减少 41％。在所有研究中，活性炭对尼古丁释放的影响较小，在测试的最大活性炭量（300mg）时，尼古丁释放减少了 33％。总体而言，这些结果支持在香烟过滤嘴中使用活性炭作为减少香烟和其他可燃烟草制品中有毒自由基暴露的一种手段。
