Arukwe A
Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Norway.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2001 Aug;42(8):643-55. doi: 10.1016/s0025-326x(01)00062-5.
Anthropogenic chemicals in the aquatic environment are known to cause reproductive disturbances in vertebrate and invertebrate organisms, by interfering with the endocrine systems. Laboratory-based in vivo and in vitro studies have indicated that several of the anthropogenic and other naturally occurring chemicals in the environment can cause adverse reproductive effects. Various definite or possible reproductive abnormalities caused by endocrine disruption have been identified, but in majority of the reported cases, it is not known whether adverse effects have occurred in the population level of biological organization. Disruption of the hormonal functions in fish may have effects on a number of events, including sexual maturation, gamete production and transport, sexual behaviour, fertility, gestation, lactation or modifications in other functions that are dependent on the integrity of the reproductive system. Although several reproductive effects have been reported, but the degree of causality established between the abnormalities observed and exposure to particular chemicals is variable, and understanding of the mechanism(s) is limited. Fishes are a vital source of proteins and lipids for humans and domestic animals, forming the basis for economically important fisheries and aquaculture. Large efforts have recently been denoted to dissect the mechanisms of action of xenobiotics in aquatic species, with the ultimate aim of detecting, controlling and possibly intervening in chemical exposure and its effects on the aquatic ecosystem and humans. In this context, we ought to be concerned with the health and safety of aquatic species per se, as well as a resource for human needs.
已知水生环境中的人为化学物质会通过干扰内分泌系统，导致脊椎动物和无脊椎动物出现生殖紊乱。基于实验室的体内和体外研究表明，环境中的几种人为化学物质和其他天然存在的化学物质会导致不良生殖影响。已经确定了由内分泌干扰引起的各种明确或可能的生殖异常，但在大多数报告的案例中，尚不清楚在生物组织的种群水平上是否发生了不良影响。鱼类激素功能的紊乱可能会对许多事件产生影响，包括性成熟、配子产生和运输、性行为、生育能力、妊娠、哺乳或其他依赖于生殖系统完整性的功能的改变。虽然已经报道了一些生殖影响，但观察到的异常与接触特定化学物质之间建立的因果关系程度各不相同，对其作用机制的了解也有限。鱼类是人类和家畜蛋白质和脂质的重要来源，是经济上重要的渔业和水产养殖的基础。最近人们付出了巨大努力来剖析外来化合物在水生物种中的作用机制，最终目的是检测、控制并可能干预化学物质暴露及其对水生生态系统和人类的影响。在这种情况下，我们不仅应该关注水生物种本身的健康和安全，还应关注其作为人类需求资源的情况。
