Simon J W, Kaw P
Ophthalmology Department, Albany Medical College, Lions Eye Institute, New York 12208, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 2001 Aug 15;64(4):623-8.
Early and accurate detection of eye disorders in children can present a challenge for family physicians. Visual acuity screening, preferably performed before four years of age, is essential for diagnosing amblyopia. Cover testing may disclose small-angle or intermittent strabismus. Leukocoria, which is detected with an ophthalmoscope, may indicate retinoblastoma or cataract. Children with glaucoma may have light sensitivity and enlargement of the cornea, and conjunctivitis that does not respond quickly to treatment may reflect more serious ocular inflammation. Children with serious eye injuries often present to the primary care physician. Nystagmus and many systemic conditions are associated with specific eye findings.
对家庭医生来说，早期准确检测儿童眼部疾病是一项挑战。视力筛查最好在四岁前进行，这对诊断弱视至关重要。遮盖试验可能会发现小角度或间歇性斜视。用检眼镜检测到的白瞳症可能提示视网膜母细胞瘤或白内障。患有青光眼的儿童可能有畏光和角膜增大的症状，对治疗反应不迅速的结膜炎可能反映出更严重的眼部炎症。受严重眼外伤的儿童常就诊于初级保健医生。眼球震颤和许多全身性疾病都与特定的眼部表现有关。
