Howell P, Sackin S
Department of Psychology, University College London, England.
J Psycholinguist Res. 2001 Sep;30(5):457-74. doi: 10.1023/a:1010432012241.
Beattie and Bradbury (1979) reported a study in which, in one condition, they punished speakers when they produced silent pauses (by lighting a light they were supposed to keep switched off). They found speakers were able to reduce silent pauses and that this was not achieved at the expense of reduced overall speech rate. They reported an unexpected increase in word repetition rate. A recent theory proposed by Howell, Au-Yeung, and Sackin (1999) predicts that the change in word repetition rate will occur on function, not content words. This hypothesis is tested and confirmed. The results are used to assess the theory and to consider practical applications of this conditioning procedure.
贝蒂和布拉德伯里（1979年）报告了一项研究，在该研究的一种情况下，当说话者出现沉默停顿（通过点亮一盏他们应该保持关闭的灯来惩罚）时，他们会对说话者进行惩罚。他们发现说话者能够减少沉默停顿，而且这并不是以降低整体语速为代价实现的。他们报告说单词重复率意外增加。豪厄尔、欧阳和萨金（1999年）最近提出的一种理论预测，单词重复率的变化将发生在功能词而非实词上。这一假设得到了检验和证实。研究结果被用于评估该理论，并考虑这种调节程序的实际应用。
