Onslow M, Packman A, Stocker S, van Doorn J, Siegel G M
Australian Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 1997 Feb;40(1):121-33. doi: 10.1044/jslhr.4001.121.
Many stuttering treatments incorporate contingencies for stuttering that are thought to contribute to treatment effectiveness. One contingency used in a number of treatment programs for children is time-out (TO) from speaking. However, although TO has been shown to control stuttering in adults there are no clear demonstrations of this effect in children. One aim of the present study was to demonstrate in the laboratory that TO reduces stuttering in children. Three school-age children spoke in a single-subject ABA experiment. In the B phase, a red light was illuminated for 5 seconds when the subject stuttered, during which time the subject stopped talking. Two of the three children showed clear reductions in stuttering in response to TO. The second aim of the study was to detect whether the children who responded to To adopted an unusual speech pattern in order to control their stuttering. Listeners did not detect any differences between the perceptually stutter-free speech of baseline conditions and that of TO conditions, and a subsequent acoustic analysis revealed a reduction in the variability of vowel duration during TO in one subject and no changes in the other. The theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
许多口吃治疗方法都包含针对口吃的应急措施，这些措施被认为有助于提高治疗效果。在一些针对儿童的治疗方案中使用的一种应急措施是暂停说话（TO）。然而，尽管TO已被证明能控制成人的口吃，但在儿童中尚无明确证据表明有此效果。本研究的一个目的是在实验室中证明TO能减少儿童的口吃。三名学龄儿童参与了一项单受试者ABA实验。在B阶段，当受试者口吃时，红灯会亮起5秒钟，在此期间受试者停止说话。三名儿童中有两名在接受TO后口吃明显减少。该研究的第二个目的是检测对TO有反应的儿童是否采用了异常的言语模式来控制口吃。听众未察觉到基线条件下无口吃的言语与TO条件下的言语之间有任何差异，随后的声学分析显示，一名受试者在TO期间元音时长的变异性降低，另一名受试者则无变化。文中讨论了这些研究结果的理论和临床意义。
