Withers R.T., Laforgia J., Heymsfield S.B.
Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Education, The Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia.
Am J Hum Biol. 1999;11(2):175-185. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6300(1999)11:2<175::AID-AJHB5>3.0.CO;2-C.
This review explores the robustness of the assumptions underpinning the two- (fat mass [FM], fat-free mass [FFM]), three- (FM; total body water [TBW], fat free dry solid), and four- (FM; TBW; bone mineral [BM], residual) compartment models of body composition. The measurement of body density (BD) via underwater weighing (UWW) and TBW via isotopic dilution are the two most frequently used two-compartment techniques. The former assumes that the FM and FFM have densities of 0.9007 g/cm(3) and 1.1000 g/cm(3), respectively, while the latter uses a FFM hydration constant. Although both techniques can estimate body composition precisely (technical error of measurement [TEM]: UWW = 0.4 %BF; TBW = 0.6 %BF), the validity of these estimates is adversely affected by biological variability in the assumed percentages for the FFM components (TBW = 73.72%; protein = 19.41%; BM = 5.63%; non-BM = 1.24%). The three-compartment model, which incorporates measures of BD and TBW, greatly increases validity by removing errors relating to variability in TBW, which comprises the largest percentage of the FFM and is furthermore acutely variable. The four-compartment model marginally improves on the three-compartment model by additionally controlling for BM, which displays less variability than the TBW component of the FFM. The three- and four-compartment models therefore provide more valid estimates of body composition than the two-compartment model, and this increased accuracy is not offset by propagation of errors (TEM = 0.7 %BF for both models) from the combinations of multiple measurements (BD, TBW, BM). Am. J. Hum. Biol. 11:175-185, 1999. Copyright 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
本综述探讨了支撑身体成分的两室模型（脂肪量[FM]、去脂体重[FFM]）、三室模型（FM；总体水[TBW]、去脂干固体）和四室模型（FM；TBW；骨矿物质[BM]、剩余部分）的假设的稳健性。通过水下称重（UWW）测量身体密度（BD）以及通过同位素稀释测量TBW是两种最常用的两室技术。前者假设FM和FFM的密度分别为0.9007 g/cm³和1.1000 g/cm³，而后者使用FFM水合常数。尽管这两种技术都能精确估计身体成分（测量技术误差[TEM]：UWW = 0.4%体脂；TBW = 0.6%体脂），但这些估计的有效性会受到FFM成分假设百分比中的生物学变异性的不利影响（TBW = 73.72%；蛋白质 = 19.41%；BM = 5.63%；非BM = 1.24%）。结合BD和TBW测量值的三室模型通过消除与TBW变异性相关的误差，极大地提高了有效性，TBW在FFM中占比最大且变异性很大。四室模型通过额外控制BM对三室模型进行了微调，BM的变异性比FFM的TBW成分小。因此，三室和四室模型比两室模型能提供更有效的身体成分估计，并且这种提高的准确性不会被多次测量（BD、TBW、BM）组合产生的误差传播（两种模型的TEM均为0.7%体脂）所抵消。《美国人类生物学杂志》11:175 - 185，1999年。版权所有1999威利 - 利斯公司。
