Bruckner Marlies, Khan Zahra, Binder Christoph, Morris Nicholas, Windisch Bernadette, Holasek Sandra, Urlesberger Berndt
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Front Pediatr. 2020 Mar 10;8:61. doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00061. eCollection 2020.
Early nutritional support of preterm infants is important because it influences long-term health and development. Body composition has an influence on cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and neurocognitive outcome in the long term. To assess body composition in preterm infants <32 weeks of gestation at term-equivalent age and to analyze the influence of an optimized nutritional approach. This is a prespecified secondary outcome analysis of a prospective observational study comparing the body composition in regard to gestational age. The preterm infants were classified according to gestational age as extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks gestation at birth) and very preterm infants (≥28 weeks gestation at birth) and according to weight percentile as appropriate for gestational age and small for gestational age. Body composition was determined by air displacement plethysmography using the PEA POD. The preterm infants obtained nutrition according to the ESPGHAN 2010 Guidelines. Seventy-four preterm infants were analyzed. The mean (SD) gestational age was 28.7 (2.4) weeks, and birth weight was 1,162 (372) g. Fat mass percentage was significantly higher in extremely preterm infants in comparison to very preterm infants [17.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 15.9-18.1 vs. 15.5, 95% CI 14.7-16.2]. There was no significant difference of fat mass percentage according to weight percentiles. Extremely preterm infants had a significantly higher fat mass percentage compared to very preterm infants at term-equivalent age. There was no significant difference of fat mass percentage according to weight percentiles.
对早产儿进行早期营养支持很重要，因为这会影响其长期健康和发育。长期来看，身体组成会对心血管疾病、代谢综合征及神经认知结局产生影响。旨在评估孕龄小于32周的早产儿在足月矫正年龄时的身体组成，并分析优化营养方法的影响。这是一项前瞻性观察性研究的预先指定的次要结局分析，比较了不同孕龄的身体组成情况。根据孕龄，将早产儿分为极早产儿（出生时孕龄小于28周）和极早早产儿（出生时孕龄≥28周），并根据体重百分位数分为适于胎龄儿和小于胎龄儿。使用PEA POD通过空气置换体积描记法测定身体组成。早产儿按照欧洲儿科胃肠病、肝病和营养学会（ESPGHAN）2010年指南获取营养。对74名早产儿进行了分析。平均（标准差）孕龄为28.7（2.4）周，出生体重为1162（372）克。与极早早产儿相比，极早产儿的脂肪量百分比显著更高[17.0，95%置信区间（CI）15.9 - 18.1 vs. 15.5，95% CI 14.7 - 16.2]。根据体重百分位数，脂肪量百分比无显著差异。在足月矫正年龄时，极早产儿的脂肪量百分比显著高于极早早产儿。根据体重百分位数，脂肪量百分比无显著差异。
