Galloway Victoria A., Leonard William R., Ivakine Evgueny
School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Am J Hum Biol. 2000 Jan;12(1):75-87. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6300(200001/02)12:1<75::AID-AJHB9>3.0.CO;2-G.
Previous research has suggested that basal metabolic rates (BMRs of indigenous circumpolar populations are elevated, perhaps as an adaptation to chronic, severe cold stress. This study examines variation in BMR among indigenous (Evenki) and nonindigenous (Russian immigrant) populations living in Central Siberia to determine: 1) whether the Evenki show evidence of increased metabolic rates, and 2) whether the metabolic responses of the Evenki are different from those of the recent Russian migrants ("controls"). BMRs were measured among 58 Evenki (19 men, 39 women) and 24 Russian (8 men, 16 women) adults (18-56 years of age) from three Siberian villages. Measured BMRs were compared to those predicted based on body weight and body SA (Consolazio et al., 1963; Schofield, 1985a,b). BMRs per unit weight and FFM were similar in Evenki and Russian men, whereas Evenki women had higher BMRs than their Russian peers. Relative to the Schofield (body weight) norms, Evenki men and women and Russian men all showed modest elevations in BMR, whereas Russian women had lower than expected BMRs. Compared to the Consolazio (surface area) estimates, both Evenki men and women showed significant elevations in BMR. Russian men also showed higher than expected BMRs, while those of Russian women were slightly below predicted levels. Age-related declines in BMR were evident among the women of both ethnic groups, but not among the men. Additionally, residence location was an important predictor of metabolic variation in the Evenki, with those of the more traditional village showing greater elevations in BMR. These results suggest that the Evenki display elevated metabolic needs, and this long-term adaptation reflects the interaction of genetics and level of acculturation. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 12:75-87, 2000. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
先前的研究表明，北极地区原住民的基础代谢率（BMR）有所提高，这可能是对长期严重寒冷应激的一种适应。本研究调查了生活在西伯利亚中部的原住民（埃文基人）和非原住民（俄罗斯移民）群体的基础代谢率差异，以确定：1）埃文基人是否有代谢率增加的证据；2）埃文基人的代谢反应与近期俄罗斯移民（“对照组”）是否不同。在来自三个西伯利亚村庄的58名埃文基成年人（19名男性，39名女性）和24名俄罗斯成年人（8名男性，16名女性）（年龄在18 - 56岁之间）中测量了基础代谢率。将测量得到的基础代谢率与根据体重和体表面积预测的基础代谢率进行比较（Consolazio等人，1963年；Schofield，1985a，b）。埃文基男性和俄罗斯男性每单位体重和去脂体重的基础代谢率相似，而埃文基女性的基础代谢率高于俄罗斯女性。相对于Schofield（体重）标准，埃文基男性和女性以及俄罗斯男性的基础代谢率均有适度升高，而俄罗斯女性的基础代谢率低于预期。与Consolazio（体表面积）估计值相比，埃文基男性和女性的基础代谢率均显著升高。俄罗斯男性的基础代谢率也高于预期，而俄罗斯女性的基础代谢率略低于预测水平。两个族群的女性中均明显存在基础代谢率随年龄下降的情况，但男性中未出现这种情况。此外，居住地点是埃文基人代谢差异的一个重要预测因素，居住在更传统村庄的人基础代谢率升高幅度更大。这些结果表明，埃文基人表现出较高的代谢需求，这种长期适应反映了遗传因素和文化适应水平的相互作用。《美国人类生物学杂志》12:75 - 87，2000年。版权所有2000年威利 - 利斯公司。
